Travelers Ins. Co. v. Guardian Alarm Co. of Michigan

• Decision Date: 04 September 1998
• Docket Number: Docket No. 201827
• Citation: 586 N.W.2d 760,231 Mich.App. 473
• Parties: The TRAVELERS INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. GUARDIAN ALARM CO. OF MICHIGAN and Barnard and Johnson Electric, Inc., Defendants-Appellees.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

Page 760

586 N.W.2d 760

231 Mich.App. 473

The TRAVELERS INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. GUARDIAN ALARM CO. OF MICHIGAN and Barnard and Johnson Electric, Inc., Defendants-Appellees.

Docket No. 201827.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted June 2, 1998, at Lansing.

Decided Sept. 4, 1998, at 9:05 a.m.

Released for Publication Dec. 10, 1998.

Morrison, Mahoney & Miller (by Charles R. Tuffley, Dennis L. Hearon, and Jeffrey R. Learned), Southfield, for Travelers Insurance Company.

Haliw, Siciliano and Mychalowych (by Andrew J. Haliw, III, Joseph A. Siciliano, and Nanette L. Korpi, Farmington Hills, for Guardian Alarm Co. of Michigan.

David C. Anderson, Troy, for Barnard and Johnson Electric, Inc.

Before SAWYER, P.J., and MICHAEL J. KELLY and DOCTOROFF, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

Plaintiff appeals as of right from an order of the Wayne Circuit Court granting summary disposition of its claims pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(7). We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand for further proceedings.

Troy Corporate Services, doing business as Troy Design and Manufacturing Company, was in the business of engineering and manufacturing automobile parts. Before December 1988, Troy Design had a twelve-circuit panel box, which provided power to the equipment in its computer-aided design (CAD) room. In December 1988, pursuant to a contract with Troy Design, Barnard and Johnson Electric, Inc., removed the twelve-circuit panel box and installed a forty-two-circuit panel box and a transformer in the CAD room. In July 1990, Barnard and Johnson installed additional circuits in the forty-two-circuit panel box and installed a twelve-circuit panel box, which fed off the forty-two-circuit panel box. In December 1988, Troy Design also entered into a contract with Guardian Alarm Co. of Michigan for the installation of a fire alarm system. Under a separate contract, Guardian agreed to provide Troy Design with maintenance, monitoring, and response service, including central station service. Guardian installed the fire alarm system in March 1989 and performed additional work on the system in June 1989.

A fire damaged Troy Design's facility on July 19, 1992. As Troy Design's property insurer, plaintiff paid Troy Design over $900,000 for property damage caused by the fire. Thereafter, on March 27, 1995, plaintiff filed a subrogation lawsuit against Guardian, alleging that Guardian failed to properly design and install the fire alarm system and, as a result, Troy Design suffered extreme water damage that would have been lessened had the alarm system allowed the fire to be discovered earlier. On July 14, 1995, plaintiff filed an action against Barnard and Johnson, alleging that the fire originated in the circuit panel box. The cases were consolidated in the trial court. Upon defendants' motions for summary disposition, the trial court dismissed plaintiff's claims pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(7). The trial court determined that plaintiff's claims were barred by the six-year period of limitation set forth in the statute of repose, M.C.L. § 600.5839(1); MSA 27A.5839(1).

Plaintiff first claims that the trial court erred in dismissing its negligence and gross negligence claims pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(7) after finding that the forty-two-circuit panel box and transformer constituted an improvement to real property and that, therefore, the statute of repose applied to plaintiff's claims. We disagree.

An order granting summary disposition is reviewed de novo on appeal. Michigan Mut. Ins. Co. v. Dowell, 204 Mich.App. 81, 86, 514 N.W.2d 185 (1994). A grant of summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(7) is proper where a claim is barred by the applicable statute of limitations. Home Ins. Co. v. Detroit Fire Extinguisher Co., Inc., 212 Mich.App. 522, 527, 538 N.W.2d 424 (1995). A motion under MCR 2.116(C)(7) may be supported by affidavits, admissions, or other documentary evidence and, if submitted, such evidence must be considered by the court. Home Ins, supra at 527, 538 N.W.2d 424. When deciding a motion for summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(7), the court must take all well-pleaded allegations as true and construe them in favor of the nonmoving party. Id. If there are no facts in dispute, whether the claim is statutorily barred is a question of law for the court. Pendzsu v. Beazer East, Inc., 219 Mich.App. 405, 408, 557 N.W.2d 127 (1996).

The statute of repose, M.C.L. § 600.5839(1); MSA 27A.5839(1), provides:

No person may maintain any action to recover damages for any injury to property, real or personal, or for bodily injury or wrongful death, arising out of the defective and unsafe condition of an improvement to real property, nor any action for contribution or indemnity for damages sustained as a result of such injury, against any state licensed architect or professional engineer performing or furnishing the design or supervision of construction of the improvement, or against any contractor making the improvement, more than six years after the time of occupancy of the completed improvement, use, or acceptance of the improvement, or 1 year after the defect is discovered or should have been discovered, provided that the defect constitutes the proximate cause of the injury or damage for which the action is brought and is the result of gross negligence on the part of the contractor or licensed architect or professional engineer. However, no such action shall be maintained more than 10 years after the time of occupancy of the completed improvement, use, or acceptance of the improvement.

An improvement is a "permanent addition to or betterment of real property that enhances its capital value and that involves the expenditure of labor or money and is designed to make the property more useful or valuable as distinguished from ordinary repairs." Pendzsu, supra at 410, 557 N.W.2d 127. The test for an improvement is not whether the modification can be removed without damage to the land, but whether it adds to the value of the realty for the purposes for which it was intended to be used. Id. at 410-411, 557 N.W.2d 127. In addition, the nature of the improvement and the permanence of the improvement should also be considered. Id. at 411, 557 N.W.2d 127. Furthermore, if a component of an improvement is an integral part of the improvement to which it belongs, then the component constitutes an improvement to real property. Id.

Before 1988, Troy Design had a twelve-circuit panel box, which provided power to the equipment in its CAD room. Barnard & Johnson submitted evidence that Troy Design wanted to replace the twelve-circuit panel box because it was causing interference problems and could not supply sufficient power to the facility. The new panel box provided more power to the facility and eliminated the interference problems. Furthermore, the new circuit panel box and transformer were integral components of an electrical system that was essential to the operation of the facility. Under these circumstances, we conclude that the trial court correctly determined that the new circuit panel box and transformer constituted an improvement to real property for the purposes of the statute of repose.

Plaintiff next argues that the trial court erred in granting summary disposition of its claims arising out of Barnard & Johnson's 1990 electrical work pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(7) on the basis of the three-year statute of limitations set forth in M.C.L. § 600.5805(8); MSA 27A.5805(8). We agree.

We need not decide whether the trial court correctly concluded that the 1990 work did not constitute an improvement to real property. Even if the trial court is correct and the claims arising out of the 1990 work were subject to the three-year statute of limitations set forth in M.C.L. § 600.5805(8); MSA 27A.5805(8), the claim still was not barred by that statute. For the purposes of M.C.L. § 600.5805(8); MSA 27A.5805(8), a claim accrues when the wrong upon which it was based was done, regardless of when damage results. MCL 600.5827; MSA 27A.5827; Nelson v. Ho, 222 Mich.App. 74, 85, 564 N.W.2d 482 (1997). According to our Supreme Court's interpretation of M.C.L. § 600.5827; MSA 27A.5827, the time of the wrong...