Trop, Inc. v. City of Brookhaven
Decision Date | 06 October 2014 |
Docket Number | No. S14A0931.,S14A0931. |
Citation | 296 Ga. 85,764 S.E.2d 398 |
Parties | TROP, INC. v. CITY OF BROOKHAVEN et al. |
Court | Georgia Supreme Court |
Alan I. Begner, Cory Goldsmith Begner, Boris Yakovlevich Milter, Begner & Begner, PC, Linda I. Dunlavy, Aubrey T. Villines, Jr., Magarahan, Villines & Honis, Atlanta, for appellants.
Bryan Allen Dykes, Scott Dean Bergthold, Chattanooga, for appellees.
Trop, Inc. and the JEG Family Trust have operated the Pink Pony entertainment club as a restaurant with alcohol consumption and adult nude dancing under DeKalb County licenses since November, 1990. In June 2001, after taking part in litigation against DeKalb County, Pink Pony entered into a Settlement and Release Agreement with DeKalb County. Pursuant to this settlement, Pink Pony dismissed pending damages actions against DeKalb County in exchange for the right to continue its operations, as it had always done, for a term of eight years. In addition, Pink Pony agreed to pay an increased, graduated licensing fee. In May 2007, Pink Pony entered into the First Amended and Extended Settlement and Release Agreement, which extended the original settlement agreement for an additional fifteen years.
Approximately five years later, well before the termination of the DeKalb settlement agreement, the City of Brookhaven was incorporated on December 17, 2012, and, as a result, Pink Pony's location became part of the new municipality. At that time, DeKalb County ordinances, including those on alcohol and adult businesses, continued to apply in Brookhaven. Later, however, Brookhaven began a consideration of sexually-oriented businesses, and, on January 15, 2013, it approved its own sexually-oriented business Code. The sexually-oriented business Code's enactment was “[b]ased on evidence of the adverse secondary effects of adult uses presented in hearings and in reports made available to the City Council,” including judicial decisions, studies, reports, and affidavits. Of particular importance to Pink Pony, the sexually-oriented business ordinance, in conjunction with Brookhaven's Alcohol Code,1 prohibits the sale of alcohol in sexually-oriented businesses and allows only semi-nudity (g-strings and pasties), not full nudity.2
In May 2013, Pink Pony filed suit in DeKalb County Superior Court, claiming that Brookhaven's newly-enacted sexually-oriented business Code was unconstitutional, and that Pink Pony was exempt from it based on Pink Pony's settlement agreement with DeKalb County. Brookhaven answered and attached certified copies of public record documents: the sexually-oriented business Code, an amendment to the sexually-oriented business Code, and legislative record materials, including studies and reports regarding the negative effects of nude dancing establishments. With the Answer, Brookhaven also filed a Motion to Dismiss and/or for Judgment on the Pleadings. Pink Pony responded to the motion, and it filed an amendment to its complaint, incorporating exhibits into the original complaint. Pink Pony's response brief also cited to those exhibits, which included versions of the sexually-oriented business Code and amendment, the Alcohol Code and amendment, the Zoning Code, the City's charter, and DeKalb County's enabling legislation.
After considering everything that was filed,3 the trial court granted Brookhaven's motion for judgment on the pleadings, finding that Pink Pony's claims regarding the constitutionality of the sexually-oriented business code failed as a matter of law. This appeal followed. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.
(Punctuation omitted.) Sherman v. Fulton County Board of Assessors, 288 Ga. 88, 90, 701 S.E.2d 472 (2010).
Pink Pony details a long list of ways in which it contends that the trial court failed to adhere to its “well-pled facts” in granting Brookhaven's motion to dismiss. The great majority of items on this list, however, are not factual matters at all.4 To the contrary, they are conclusions of law. While a trial court is required to consider a non-moving party's factual allegations to be true, it is not required to accept the legal conclusions the non-party suggests that those facts dictate. For this reason, most of Pink Pony's claims are untenable based on the standard of review alone.
Sifting through the rest of Pink Pony's complaints, it becomes clear that its main contention is that the trial court erred in its determination that Brookhaven's sexually-oriented business ordinance passed the constitutional standards relating to the curtailment of free speech set forth in Paramount Pictures Corp. v. Busbee, 250 Ga. 252, 297 S.E.2d 250 (1982). The trial court did not err.
The Paramount Pictures test applies to content-neutral legislation and poses three questions: (Punctuation omitted.) Goldrush II v. City of Marietta, 267 Ga. 683, 692(5), 482 S.E.2d 347 (1997).5
As an initial matter, Brookhaven's sexually-oriented business ordinance is content-neutral “[i]n light of the city council's predominate goal of combatting pernicious secondary effects [coupled with] the lack of sufficient evidence to establish an improper motive on the part of council members.” Id. at 692(4), 482 S.E.2d 347. Furthermore, the sexually-oriented business ordinance passes all three prongs of the Paramount
Id. Therefore, given the long history of sexually-oriented business ordinances, ample precedent, and the established record regarding the deleterious effects of alcohol coupled with nude dancing, the trial court did not err by finding that, as a matter of law, Brookhaven's sexually-oriented business ordinance does not unconstitutionally infringe upon Pink Pony's free speech rights.6
Pink Pony's contention that Brookhaven should be bound by the prior agreement between Pink Pony and DeKalb County does not change this result. As found by the trial court, this prior agreement cannot be used to bind the successively incorporated City of Brookhaven. Cf. OCGA § 36–30–3(a) (...
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