Trotcky v. Van Sickle

• Citation: 85 N.E.2d 638,227 Ind. 441
• Decision Date: 03 May 1949
• Docket Number: 28415.
• Parties: TROTCKY v. VAN SICKLE et al.
• Court: Supreme Court of Indiana

85 N.E.2d 638

227 Ind. 441

TROTCKY v. VAN SICKLE et al.

No. 28415.

Supreme Court of Indiana

May 3, 1949

Appeal from Boone Circuit Court; Frank E Hutchinson, Judge.

Parr Parr & Parr, of Lebanon, and Joseph & Dann, of Indianapolis, for appellant.

Adney & Adney, of Lebanon, and Johnson & Zechiel, of Indianapolis, for appellees.

EMMERT, Judge.

This is an appeal from a judgment entered upon a special finding of facts and conclusions of law, that the appellant was guilty of contempt of court in violating an injunction rendered by the Boone Circuit Court on March 7, 1944, enjoining him from operating his mink farm and horse slaughtering business so as to be a nuisance to the appellees in the enjoyment of their homes and premises. The judgment in this appeal awarded the appellees damages in the sum of $1,750, and ordered him to pay said amount within ten days or be committed to the Boone County jail until the order was complied with.

The amended petition for citation set out a complete copy of the judgment entered March 7, 1944, which contained a specific description of the real estate on which the nuisance was being maintained, and specifically set out certain acts in violation of the injunction. ^[1] The fourth rhetorical paragraph alleged:

'That all of the acts above described have been in violation of the injunction heretofore granted in this cause and all of the acts complained of in this citation have been done by the defendant since the court fined the defendant in a former citation proceeding, * * *' ^[2]

The injunction was entered in cause No. 16273, and the first petition for citation as well as the petition in this appeal were all filed in the same cause, the latter proceeding being noticed by this court in State ex rel. Trotcky v Hutchinson, Judge, 1946, 224 Ind. 443, 444, 68 N.E.2d 649. Therefore, the Boone Circuit Court took judicial notice of the original injunction cause, and of the two subsequent contempt proceedings filed in the same case. Davis v Overman, 1916, 184 Ind. 647, 112 N.E. 243. It was not necessary to allege facts concerning which the court took judicial notice. Section 2-1046, Burns 1946 Replacement. The violations of the injunction were continuing in nature, and the time thereof fixed subsequent to the judgment in the first contempt proceedings. All necessary facts were alleged as to time, place and the nature of the acts with sufficient particularity to inform the appellant of the charge he was called upon to answer and defend. There was no error in overruling the motion to discharge the rule and quash the service of citation. The motion to make the amended petition more specific was correctly overruled, and there was no error in overruling the demurrer to such petition.

Finding No. 9 of the special findings stated: 'That the plaintiffs rightfully employed counsel to protect their rights and interest under the injunction granted by the court and to bring and prosecute this action in contempt; that the reasonable value of the service of such attorneys in that respect is $1750, and that the plaintiffs have been damaged in such amount because of the acts of the defendant * * *' Conclusion of law No. 3 stated: 'That the plaintiffs have been damaged in the amount of $1750.00.' It thus appears that the judgment for the appellees was for counsel fees in bringing and prosecuting the contempt proceedings. The appellant's contention is that it was error to hear evidence on this question and to assess damages which include counsel fees.

'The general rule requires each party to the litigation to pay his own counsel fees. Attorney's fees are not allowable in the absence of a statute, or in the absence of some agreement or stipulation specially authorizing the allowance thereof; and it has been held that the rule applies equally in courts of law and in courts of equity.' 15 C.J. 114, § 248. See 20 C.J.S., Costs, § 218, pp. 456, 457; 14 Am.Jur. 38, 39, § 63.

In State ex rel. Trotcky v. Hutchinson, Judge, 1946, 224 Ind. 443, 68 N.E.2d 649, supra, we construed the charge against the appellant to be a civil contempt. The question of including counsel fees as a part of civil relief for the violation of an injunction is of first impression in this state. From the short report of only four lines in State v. Irwin, 1848, 8 Blackf. 567, it appears that the opinion considered the contempt to be criminal in nature, since it was brought in the name of the state by the prosecuting attorney, who was not entitled to a docket-fee in the case. The authorities from other jurisdictions are divided on the right to counsel fees in civil contempt proceedings. 13 C.J. 90, 91, § 138; 17 C.J.S., Contempt, § 96, p. 138.

However, under § 3-2115, Burns 1946 Replacement, there is special provision made for the remedy afforded the injunction plaintiff when the defendant does the act in violation thereof. This was noted in Denny v. State, 1932, 203 Ind. 682, 700, 182 N.E. 313, 319, in the following language:

'The power of a court of chancery to enforce its order 'by attachment or otherwise, according to the exigency of the case' has been preserved to our circuit courts under the so-called power to punish for civil contempt, which is properly not a power to punish but one to coerce by imprisonment or to impose money penalties for the benefit of the injured party or 'to take all necessary measures to secure and indemnify the plaintiff against damages in the premises.''

In Campbell v. Motion Picture Mach. Operators, 1922, 151 Minn. 238, 186 N.W. 787, the statute provided that the party guilty of a civil contempt should 'pay the party aggrieved a sum of money sufficient to indemnify him and satisfy his costs and expenses.' M.S.A. § 588.11. It was held that this provision authorized the inclusion of counsel fees in the relief.

Under the Indiana divorce statutes, before the amendment of § 17 of Chapter 43 of the 1873 Acts (§ 3-1216, Burns 1933) by § 1 of Chapter 160 of the 1939 Acts (§ 3-1216, Burns 1946 Replacement) this court held that the 'expenses of such suit' included a reasonable amount to the wife for counsel fees. Harrell v. Harrell, 1872, 39 Ind. 185; Hilker v. Hilker, 1899, 153 Ind. 425, 55 N.E. 81. The order was in the nature of indemnity to hold her harmless. If an undertaking given upon the obtaining of a restraining order or temporary injunction be breached, attorneys' fees may be recovered in an action on the bond, such fees being within the statutory requirement that it cover 'all damages and costs which may accrue by reason of the injunction or restraining order.' Section 3-2107, Burns 1946 Replacement, Acts 1881 (Spec.Sess.) ch. 38, § 183, p. 240. Robertson v. Smith, 1891, 129 Ind. 422, 28 N.E. 857, 15 L.R.A. 273. The language of our civil contempt remedy for violation of an injunction is broader than either the divorce or injunction bond provisions authorizing the allowance of counsel fees. The direction of the statute, § 3-2115, Burns 1946 Replacement, that 'the court shall also take all necessary measures to secure and indemnify the plaintiff against damages in the premises' includes reasonable counsel fees paid or incurred in preparing and prosecuting the contempt proceedings, 17 C.J.S., Contempt, § 127, pp. 173, 174. Attorneys' fees were properly within the issues, and the objections to the testimony of the witness Elza O. Rogers as to the value thereof, as revealed by the motion for new trial set out in appellant's brief, were properly overruled. The findings were sustained by sufficient evidence and were not contrary to law. The damages assessed were not excessive nor was the amount of the recovery too large. The appellant cannot complain because other items of damages were not included in the judgment against him.

The appellant's motion to modify the judgment averred, among other allegations, that the court had no power to...