Turk v. Long Branch Saloon, Inc.

• Decision Date: 21 June 1968
• Docket Number: No. 40587,40587
• Citation: Turk v. Long Branch Saloon, Inc., 280 Minn. 438, 159 N.W.2d 903 (Minn. 1968)
• Parties: Edward John TURK, Jr., Appellant, v. LONG BRANCH SALOON, INC., David A. Sandstrom, dba Sandy's Bar, Royal Lounge, Inc., dba Royal Bar, Dorothy A. Telega, dba Pickwick, Uncle Jim's Bar Inc., dba Uncle Jim's Tavern and Joe Minerich, dba Taconite Haven, Defendants, Respondents. Dorothy A. TELEGA, dba Pickwick, third-party plaintiff, Respondent, v. Alan D. BALAVANCE and Patrick Stanchfield, Third-Party Defendants, George Lampe and Dolly E. Hoffman, dba Crystal Lounge, third-party defendants, Respondents.
• Court: Minnesota Supreme Court

Page 903

159 N.W.2d 903

280 Minn. 438

Edward John TURK, Jr., Appellant, v. LONG BRANCH SALOON, INC., David A. Sandstrom, dba Sandy's

Bar, Royal Lounge, Inc., dba Royal Bar, Dorothy A. Telega,

dba Pickwick, Uncle Jim's Bar Inc., dba Uncle Jim's Tavern

and Joe Minerich, dba Taconite Haven, Defendants,

Respondents.

Dorothy A. TELEGA, dba Pickwick, third-party plaintiff, Respondent, v. Alan D. BALAVANCE and Patrick Stanchfield, Third-Party

Defendants,

George Lampe and Dolly E. Hoffman, dba Crystal Lounge,

third-party defendants, Respondents.

No. 40587.

Supreme Court of Minnesota.

June 21, 1968.

Syllabus by the Court

A person who is injured because of the intoxication of another is not afforded a right of action by Minn.St. 340.95 for the recovery of damages sustained when he himself has participated actively and knowingly in the process of 'illegally selling, bartering, or giving' the intoxicating liquor to a minor whose resultant intoxication caused the injury.

O'Leary, Trenti, Berger & Carey, Virginia, for appellant.

Gordon Rosenmeier and John Simonett, Little Falls, for Long Branch Saloon, Inc.

Vernon Saxhaug, Virginia, for Sandstrom.

Sullivan, McMillan, Hanft & Hastings, Edward Fride, and Noel Muller, Duluth, for Royal Lounge, Inc., dba Royal Bar.

Spellacy, Spellacy & Lano, Grand Rapids, for Dorothy A. Telega.

John Holland, Aurora, for Minerich.

Roger Nierengarten, St. Cloud, Ralph Harvey, Virginia, for Hoffman.

OPINION

SHERAN, Justice.

Appeal from a judgment of the district court.

On November 12, 1964, at approximately 1 a.m., plaintiff, an adult, sustained personal injury while riding as a passenger in an automobile owned and operated by Alan D. Balavance, then 20 years of age. Action was instituted on the theory that plaintiff has a right of action for damages because of Minn.St. 340.95, which provides:

'Every husband, wife, child, parent, guardian, employer, or other person who is injured in person or property, or means of support, by any intoxicated person, or by the intoxication of any person, has a right of action, in his own name, against any person who, by illegally selling, bartering or giving intoxicating liquors, caused the intoxication of such person, for all damages, sustained; * * *.'

The trial court granted motions made by defendants and third-party defendant Dolly E. Hoffman for summary judgment on facts developed through pretrial depositions and which, so far as now relevant, are not in dispute. The judgment from which the appeal is taken was then entered.

The issue for decision is whether by reason of § 340.95 a person who is injured because of the intoxication of another can recover the damages sustained even though he himself participated actively and knowingly in the process of 'illegally selling, bartering or giving' the intoxicating liquor to a minor whose resultant intoxication caused the injury.

A finding that plaintiff was actively and knowingly involved in the events which gave rise to the intoxication of Balavance appears inescapable in light of these facts disclosed by the record:

As a result of arrangements made during the afternoon of November 11, 1964, plaintiff, Balavance, and two other companions made a tour of bars located in places including Aurora, Gilbert, Virginia, and Biwabik, Minnesota, during the course of which they visited about six liquor establishments and consumed perhaps as many as 15 to 20 servings of intoxicating liquor apiece. In addition, service was apparently refused at one bar and they were denied entrance to another.

At the places they visited, each of the group would on occasion pay for a round of drinks. Because plaintiff apparently had more money than the others, it is probable that he bought more than his share. Plaintiff also joined with Balavance and one of the others in buying the gas used on the tour. He had known Balavance for many years and knew that he was not 21. At the time the arrangements for the venture were made, plaintiff was sober and fully aware of what the general pattern for the evening's activities would be. The young men had been moving about and drinking together for at least 6 hours when Balavance, while taking one of the group to his home in Aurora, collided with a parked car. This accident caused the damages for which plaintiff seeks to recover from the dealers who supplied intoxicating liquor to Balavance.

If the asserted right of action exists, it is because of § 340.95. Whether the statute permits recovery in this situation depends, in turn, on the intent of the legislature. But the language of the statute, considered without reference to prior judicial construction of it, does not make this intent clear. Recovery may or may not have been intended, depending on the legislative purpose accounting for the enactment of the law. ¹

If the purpose was to impose the loss resulting from intoxication upon those who illegally supply the liquor, regardless of participation by the person sustaining the loss, recovery by the intoxicated person himself would be permitted. But, although the language of the statute does not forbid recovery in such a situation specifically, we have denied it consistently upon the ground that the objective of the law would not be served by treating a person injured by his own intoxication as a 'person who is injured in person or property, or means of support, by any intoxicated person, or by the intoxication of any person' within the meaning of the statute. ²

On the other hand, we have held that where the person asserting the cause of action did not participate in the process by which the liquor which caused the intoxication was illegally sold, bartered, or given, his contributory negligence does not bar recovery, because the legislative objective undergirding the statute would not be served if fault on the part of the person damaged, wholly unrelated to the illegal furnishing of the liquor, could insulate the supplier from liability. ³

From these prior decisions, and the language used in opinions of this court where the issue now before us was not directly presented, ⁴ we conclude that the protection to the public afforded by § 340.95 was not intended by the legislature to be extended to persons who participate knowingly and affirmatively in the illegal sale, bartering, or gift of the intoxicating liquor. To hold otherwise, we believe, would be to permit one who has been an intentional accessory to the illegality to shift the loss resulting from it to a person no more responsible for the damage than he himself has been. So considered, the case is different from that of the party who suffers loss at the hands of a person with whose intoxication he had no involvement and where we say in effect that Minnesota's policy against supplying liquor illegally ⁵ is so strong that recovery will be allowed even though the damaged person, in respects unrelated to the intoxication, may have failed to exercise reasonable care for his own safety. The person asserting the right of action in such a situation has had nothing to do with the illegal furnishing of the liquor. In contrast, a person who buys drinks for an obviously intoxicated person, or one whom he knows to be a minor, is at least as much the cause of the resulting or continued intoxication as the bartender who served the consumer illegally. Finally, having declared that the person who becomes intoxicated as a result of illegal sale, barter, or gift cannot recover, how can we reasonably...