Turner v. Callaway, Civ. A. No. 761-73.

• Decision Date: 22 February 1974
• Docket Number: Civ. A. No. 761-73.
• Parties: Joseph J. TURNER, Plaintiff, v. Howard H. CALLAWAY, Secretary of the Army, Defendant.
• Court: U.S. District Court — District of Columbia

371 F. Supp. 188

Joseph J. TURNER, Plaintiff, v. Howard H. CALLAWAY, Secretary of the Army, Defendant.

Civ. A. No. 761-73.

United States District Court, District of Columbia.

February 22, 1974.

David Addlestone, Washington, D. C., for plaintiff.

Michael A. Katz, Asst. U. S. Atty., for defendant.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

CORCORAN, District Judge.

I. BACKGROUND

Plaintiff, a Roman Catholic priest, is a Captain in the United States Army Chaplain Corps. In 1971, while serving a tour of duty in Viet Nam, he observed what he believed to be maltreatment of enlisted men by his commanding officer, Major Kenneth R. Andexler. Plaintiff reported the alleged maltreatment to the Office of the Inspector General.

Upon his return to the United States, plaintiff learned that Major Andexler had given him a negative Officer Efficiency Report which plaintiff asserts was rendered in retaliation for his complaint to the Inspector General. Plaintiff appealed to Major Andexler. Receiving no satisfaction, he then addressed a complaint for redress of grievances pursuant to 10 U.S.C. § 938, Article 138, U.C.M.J., to the officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction over the person of Major Andexler. Plaintiff's complaint was rejected at this level because it did "not lie within the scope of Article 138, U.C.M.J." That decision was reviewed and approved by the Office of the Judge Advocate General of the Army which approved the finding that plaintiff had not been wronged within the meaning of Article 138 as alleged in the complaint and that no substantive evidence could be found to support plaintiff's contentions.

Plaintiff then filed this action against the Secretary of the Army alleging that his Article 138 complaint was improperly rejected, and that he was denied due process of law in connection with the processing of that complaint. He seeks broad declaratory and injunctive relief regarding the implementation and application by the Army of Article 138, U.C. M.J.

Plaintiff has moved for summary judgment. The Secretary of the Army has moved to dismiss or in the alternative to remand for administrative proceedings before the Army Board for Correction of Military Records.

II. PLAINTIFF'S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

Plaintiff's own pleadings present a genuine issue of material fact regarding his entitlement to any relief under the provisions of Article 138, U.C.M.J. The precise allegations of plaintiff's Article 138 petition are not clear from the record. The complaint seemingly complains of a wrong which the plaintiff himself suffered, i. e., that his adverse Officer Efficiency Report was the result of retaliation applied to him by Major Andexler. On the other hand, there is language in the complaint which read together with allegations in subsequent pleading serves to confuse the issues. For example, paragraph 26 of the complaint alleges that plaintiff's "pastoral concern for four of his charges wrongly has been denied vindication."

More importantly in his Memorandum in Opposition to Defendant's Motion, plaintiff characterizes his claim at page 1, in this language:

The gravamen of Father Turner's Article 138 complaint was that his former commanding officer, Major Andexler, was not fit to command troops in combat, and had committed gross improprieties which resulted in severe psychiatric consequences to his subordinates, and in unlawful retaliation against plaintiff for pursuing the matter through the Inspector General system.

At page 3 he asserts:

As defendant concedes, plaintiff has attempted to exhaust both the Inspector General system, and the Article 138 remedy, with respect to his belief that Major Andexler was unfit to command troops. With respect to both of those remedies, plaintiff has not been given so much as an explanation of the factual findings or other considerations upon which he was denied relief.

And again at page 4, he refers to "grave injustices to himself and to his pastoral charges."

It seems clear that plaintiff is not entitled to institute an Article 138 complaint for purposes of challenging Major Andexler's fitness to command troops or asserting "wrongs" suffered by individuals other than himself. Article, 138 U.C.M.J., 10 U.S.C. § 938 provides relief only for a "member of the armed forces who believes himself wronged by his commanding officer . . ." (Emphasis added.) The Army regulations promulgated pursuant to Article 138 define "wrong" as a "discretionary action by a commander, . . . which a member of his command believes was unauthorized, unfair, or discriminatory, and which resulted in a detriment to the member capable of redress in command channels . . ." (Emphasis added.) AR 27-14, ¶ 2(b) (April 1, 1972). Moreover, the regulations presume administrative regularity and place the burden of persuasion on the complainant to establish that "he was wronged." Id. at ¶ 3(a). Thus, the clear language of the statute and the Army regulation promulgated pursuant thereto requires a showing of particularized injury to the complainant himself.

Accordingly until such time as the Article 138 complaint and the action herein are clearly shown to relate to misconduct resulting in direct harm to the plaintiff himself, summary judgment is inappropriate.

III. DEFENDANT'S MOTION TO DISMISS

A. Lack of Standing

Defendant, in his Supplemental Memorandum in Support of Motion to Dismiss, asserts that to the extent plaintiff's complaint relates to specific or general allegations of misconduct resulting in harm to others, it should be dismissed for lack of a showing of "injury in fact" to the plaintiff. Sierra Club v. Morton, 405 U.S. 727, 92 S.Ct. 1361, 31 L.Ed.2d 636 (1972).

A decision on this ground for dismissal, like that on plaintiff's motion for summary judgment, must be deferred until the substantive character of plaintiff's Article 138 complaint is clarified.

B. Lack of Subject Matter Jurisdiction For Failure to Exhaust Available Administrative Proceedings

Defendant further asserts that plaintiff's action is premature and should be dismissed because he has not exhausted his administrative remedies by making application to the Army Board for Correction of Military Records (ABCMR) for relief.

Whether this action should be stayed pending application to and decision by the ABCMR, is discussed in Part IV below. However, even assuming that plaintiff has not exhausted his administrative remedies, dismissal of the complaint is inappropriate in this Circuit. See Sohm v. Fowler, 124 U.S.App.D.C. 382, 365 F.2d 915 (1966); Ogden v. Zuckert, 111 U.S.App.D.C. 398, 298 F.2d 312 (1961).

IV. DEFENDANT'S ALTERNATIVE MOTION TO REMAND FOR ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE ARMY BOARD FOR CORRECTION OF MILITARY RECORDS

Defendant's alternative motion also alleges failure to exhaust administrative remedies but seeks remand of the case for administrative proceedings before the ABCMR.

The ABCMR, established pursuant to 10 U.S.C. § 1552 and composed of civilians, is charged with the duty of determining the existence of error or injustice in military records and, if warranted, of making recommendations for the correction of same to the Secretary of the Army. In his affidavit, the Executive Secretary of the ABCMR states that he has "on a number of occasions personally observed the ABCMR give relief to individuals seeking correction of Officer Efficiency Reports (OER)."

In Ogden v. Zuckert, supra, the Court of Appeals for this Circuit found that 10 U.S.C. § 1552 was not intended to affect judicial jurisdiction but to relieve Congress of having to pass private legislation aimed at remedying error or injustice in military records. The Court observed:

The Board furnishes a means by which to seek correction of error or injustice, but neither statute nor regulation requires this means to be pursued as a condition to finality of the Secretary's action. The relief which might ensue after Board consideration, similar to relief previously obtained by private bills in Congress, is through a procedure over and above that which guides the administrative . . . part of a different and subsequent procedure. 111 U.S.App.D.C. at 401, 298 F.2d at 315.

The opinion also stressed that where an administrative remedy is given, but not required, it is within the discretion of the courts to entertain a suit before the administrative procedure has been totally exhausted. Thus, although Ogden raised serious questions as to whether correction of record boards are intended as a step in the finality of an administrative determination it left the weighing of interests to the discretion of the district court.

In Sohm v. Fowler, supra, the court sharply limited the discretion afforded lower courts by Ogden. That suit was filed to enjoin and declare unlawful an officer's forthcoming retirement. A petition had previously been filed with the Board for Correction of Military Records, which petition was still pending when the civil action was instituted. The District Court, relying on Ogden, exercised its discretion by holding that the appellant need not exhaust his pending remedy before the Board. It then denied the motion for a preliminary injunction and granted summary judgment in favor of the defendant. The Court of Appeals, characterizing the lower court's exercise of discretion as "too broad a view of Ogden," 124 U.S.App. D.C. at 384, 365 F.2d at 917, reversed and remanded.

In doing so, the Court said:

Holding this suit in abeyance until the Board completes its action would comply with the basic policy of the law that administrative remedies should be exhausted so long as the agency clearly has jurisdiction over the case and so long as resort to the agency is not obviously futile. This policy, although subject to the exercise of discretion, has been applied by numerous courts in the context of Boards for Correction of Military Records, and it has evolved to the point where it can be formulated as a rule that the administrative remedy should be

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