U.S. v. Alvarado, 99-40513

• Decision Date: 14 January 2000
• Docket Number: No. 99-40513,99-40513
• Citation: 201 F.3d 379
• Parties: (5th Cir. 2000) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JESUS ALVARADO, Defendant-Appellant
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit

Page 379

201 F.3d 379 (5th Cir. 2000)

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JESUS ALVARADO, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 99-40513

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS, FIFTH CIRCUIT

January 14, 2000

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas

Before HIGGINBOTHAM and SMITH, Circuit Judges, and FALLON,^* District Judge.

PATRICK HIGGINBOTHAM, Circuit Judge:

Jesus Alvarado appeals the revocation of his supervised release. We AFFIRM.

I.

Alvarado served two prison terms, each with a term of supervised release. He pleaded guilty to possession with intent to distribute marijuana on November 4, 1991 and was later sentenced to 20 months' imprisonment to be followed by 3 years of supervised release. With months remaining in his term, Alvarado escaped from a halfway house in Brownsville, Texas. For that offense, he was sentenced on October 18, 1993, to 33 months' imprisonment, to be followed by 3 years of supervised release. The supervised release terms for the escape and marijuana convictions were to run concurrently. The first sentence was imposed by the Corpus Christi Division of the Southern District of Texas and the second by the Brownsville Division of that court.

Alvarado was released from confinement and began the supervised release terms September 26, 1995. Four months later, the probation office in Brownsville filed a petition to revoke Alvarado's supervised release on the escape conviction because he violated its conditions. The Corpus Christi Division transferred the revocation proceeding for the marijuana supervised release to the Brownsville Division, which accepted the transfer March 15, 1996.

The court revoked the supervised release for the escape conviction March 14, 1996, when Alvarado pleaded true to the violations at the revocation proceeding. The record shows no mention of the marijuana supervised release at the hearing. The probation office filed a petition to revoke Alvarado's supervised release on the marijuana conviction April 18, 1996, the day before the sentencing hearing on the revocation of the escape supervised release. At the sentencing hearing, Alvarado's attorney told the court he wished to take up the marijuana supervised release, but the court decided not to do so. Alvarado did not appeal this decision.

Alvarado was again released from confinement September 13, 1996. Within a few months, he violated the conditions of his supervised release on the marijuana conviction, and the probation office in Corpus Christi sought to revoke the supervised release. Alvarado waived his right to a preliminary hearing. At the revocation hearing, Alvarado moved to dismiss the petition on the ground that the court lacked jurisdiction to continue his supervised release after it revoked a concurrent term of supervised release. He argued that the court's jurisdiction ended when his supervised release for the escape conviction was revoked. The court denied the motion. Alvarado pleaded true to the supervised release violations, and the court revoked his supervised release for the marijuana conviction and sentenced him to 12 months' imprisonment. Alvarado timely appealed.

II.

This appeal presents a question of jurisdiction, which we review de novo. See United States v. Lynch, 114 F.3d 61, 63 (5th Cir. 1997).

Alvarado violated the conditions of the escape supervised release by using cocaine, which was also a violation of the marijuana supervised release. He argues that when the revocation proceeding for the marijuana supervised release was transferred, the court was required to observe 18 U.S.C. 3583(g), which provides for mandatory revocation of supervised release for drug possession in violation of a condition of supervised release.¹ Because of this mandate, Alvarado continues, the court had to revoke both supervised release terms when it found that he violated their conditions by using cocaine. Alvarado contends that the court was required to revoke the supervised release for the marijuana conviction, so it could not leave it in effect. He concludes that after the escape supervised release was revoked, he was no longer on a supervised release for the marijuana conviction, and the court lacked jurisdiction to revoke the latter.

The revocation of the escape supervised release did not automatically terminate the marijuana supervised release.² The marijuana supervised release was not properly before the court at the sentencing hearing for the escape supervised release revocation. Alvarado's attorney did not raise the issue of the marijuana supervised release until the sentencing hearing. As a result, the procedural requirements of Fed. R. Crim. P. 32.1, which governs revocation proceedings, had not been observed. Alvarado had not pled, and there had been no preliminary hearing, formal hearing or waiver of either. The probation office had filed a petition to revoke the marijuana supervised release the day before the sentencing hearing on the escape supervised release, which was revoked a month before the hearing. Although the court would be required to revoke Alvarado's supervised release for the marijuana conviction, the issue was not properly presented to the court for determination at the sentencing hearing. Under these circumstances, the court's failure to render a decision about the marijuana supervised release did not violate 3583(g). In any event, that supervised release was not automatically terminated, and it remained in effect.

Alvarado argues that revoking the marijuana supervised release violated the Ex Post Facto Clause. He pleaded guilty to the marijuana charge in 1991, and 3583(h), which permits the reimposition of supervised release after revocation and subsequent imprisonment, became effective in 1994.³ Before 3583 became effective, we did not permit the imposition of a second term of supervised release after the revocation of a first one. See United States v. Holmes, 954...