U.S. v. Bissell

Decision Date13 December 1996
Docket NumberCrim. A. No. 95-539 (AJL).
PartiesUNITED STATES, Plaintiff, v. Nicholas L. BISSELL, Jr., Barbara J. Bissell, Defendants.
CourtU.S. District Court — District of New Jersey

Faith S. Hochberg, United States Attorney, Stuart A. Rabner, Perry Carbone, Kimberly M. Guadagno, Asst. U.S. Attys., Newark, New Jersey, for U.S.

Donald R. Belsole, Kevin Weinman, Belsole & Kurnos, Morristown, New Jersey, for Nicholas L. Bissell, Jr.

Rita E. Donnelly, South Orange, New Jersey, for Barbara J. Bissell.

                TABLE OF CONTENTS
                Facts .................................................................................850
                     The Second Superseding Indictment ................................................850
                     A.  Background ...................................................................850
                     B.  Counts 1-11: Violation of the Public Trust ...................................851
                         1. Failure to Disclose Business Relationship With Adversary ..................852
                         2. Extortion by Abuse of Office ..............................................852
                         3. Conduct Which Compromised the Office of the Somerset County Prosecutor
                              Failure to Act Honestly in the Conduct of Nicholas Bissell's
                              Office ..................................................................852
                         4. Mailings in Furtherance of Unlawful Behavior ..............................853
                     C.  Counts 12-16: Defrauding An Investor in the Bedminster Station ...............853
                     D.  Count 17: Fraud on the Investors in the Somerset Station .....................854
                     E.  Count 18: Fraud on the Distributor ...........................................855
                     F.  Count 19: Financial Aid Fraud ................................................855
                     G.  Count 20: Obstruction of Justice .............................................856
                     H.  Count 21: Perjury During a Civil Proceeding ..................................856
                     I.  Count 22: False Statements to Federal Agents .................................856
                     J.  Count 23: Conspiracy to Defraud the IRS ......................................857
                     K.  Counts 24-27: Evasion of Personal Income Taxes ...............................857
                     L.  Counts 28-30: Subscribing to False Returns ...................................858
                     M.  Counts 31-33: Aiding and Assisting in the Filing of a False Return ...........858
                Discussion ............................................................................858
                     A.  Summary of Pending Motions ...................................................858
                     B.  Motion to Dismiss Counts 1-11 of the Second Superseding Indictment ...........860
                         1. Background ................................................................860
                         2. Standards for Dismissal of an Indictment ..................................860
                         3. Failure to Provide Honest Services ........................................861
                         4. Retroactivity Argument ....................................................863
                     C.  Motion to suppress Videotapes ................................................864
                         1. Background ................................................................864
                         2. Testimony of Robert Krut ..................................................864
                
                        3. Reasonable Expectation of Privacy .........................................865
                        4. Validity of Thornburg Consent .............................................867
                     D. Motion by Nicholas Bissell for Production of Unredacted Copy of LaRose 15
                         April 1995 Affidavit and Motion by the Government for a Protective Order ....867
                     E. Pretrial Disclosure of Brady and Giglio and Jencks Act Material; Motion for
                          Reciprocal Discovery .......................................................868
                        1. Brady Material ............................................................868
                        2. Giglio Material ...........................................................869
                        3. Jencks Act Material .......................................................870
                        4. Motion for Reciprocal Discovery ...........................................871
                     F. Severance Motions ............................................................871
                        1. Motion to Sever the Trials of Nicholas and Barbara Bissell ................872
                        2. Motion by Barbara Bissell to Sever Counts 12-16 and 23-33 from the
                             Remainder of the Second Superseding Indictment ..........................874
                        3. Motion by Nicholas Bissell to Sever Counts 1-11 and 20-21 From the
                             Remainder of the Second Superseding Indictment ..........................874
                     G. Motions Relating to Seized Currency ..........................................875
                        1. Motion by Barbara Bissell for Return of Seized Currency ...................875
                        2. Motion by Nicholas Bissell for an In Limine Hearing to Determine
                             Admissibility of Seized Currency ........................................876
                     H. Motion to Dismiss the Second Superseding Indictment Due to Misuse of
                          Grand Jury .................................................................877
                     I. Motion to Require Law Enforcement Officers to Preserve Rough Notes of
                         Investigation and Relevant Matters ..........................................878
                     J. Motion by Barbara Bissell to Bar Introduction of Co-Conspirator Statements
                         Pursuant to Rule 801(d)(2)(E) ...............................................878
                     K. Motion to Require the Government to Indicate Any Evidence it Intends to
                         Introduce at Trial Pursuant to Rule 404(b) ..................................879
                     L. Motion by Barbara Bissell to Require the Government to Identify any
                         Matters of Which it Will Seek to Have the Court Take Judicial Notice and
                         to Produce Charts or Summaries it Intends to Use at Trial ...................880
                     M. Motion to Exclude or Redact Bruton Material ..................................880
                Pre-trial Conclusion .................................................................880
                Sentencing ...........................................................................880
                     A. Sentencing Guideline Calculation .............................................880
                        1. Background ................................................................880
                        2. The Sentencing Hearing ....................................................882
                        3. Sentencing Recommendations ................................................882
                           a. Convictions and Grouping Rules .........................................882
                           b. Group One—Mail Fraud Involving the Bedminster Station (Counts
                               12-16) ................................................................883
                           c. Group Two—Tax Fraud (Counts 23-30) .....................................883
                           d. Multiple Count Adjustment ..............................................883
                     B. Objections ...................................................................883
                        1. Government Objection ......................................................883
                        2. Barbara Bissell's Objections ..............................................885
                           a. Tax Loss Calculations ..................................................885
                           b. Loss from the Bedminster Station Fraud .................................886
                           c. Minor Role in Tax Evasion and Bedminster Station fraud .................888
                           d. Sophisticated Means ....................................................888
                           e. Acceptance of Responsibility ...........................................889
                           f. Remaining Objections ...................................................889
                     C. The Motion for Downward Departure ............................................889
                        1. The Standard for Departure from the Guidelines ............................889
                        2. Grounds For Downward Departure ............................................891
                           a. Section 5K2.0 ..........................................................892
                        1. Extraordinary Family Responsibilities .....................................892
                        2. Reliance on Professionals .................................................895
                
                       3. Susceptibility to Abuse in Prison ..........................................896
                          b. Coercion, Duress and Diminished Capacity ................................897
                          c. Additional Grounds for Downward Departure ...............................898
                          d. Downward Departure Conclusion ...........................................899
                     D. Substantial Assistance .......................................................899
                        1. Section 5K1.1 .............................................................899
                        2. The 5K1.1 Analysis ........................................................899
                        3. Barbara Bissell's Cooperation .............................................900
                     E. Barbara Bissell's Sentence ...................................................902
                     F. Restitution ..................................................................902
                
OPINION

LECHNER, District Judge.

A Grand Jury (the "Grand Jury") returned a thirty-three count indictment (the "Indictment") on 28 September 1995 against defendants Nicholas L. Bissell, Jr. ("Nicholas Bissell") and Barbara J. Bissell ("Barbara Bissell"), husband and wife (collectively, the "Defendants"). The Indictment charged perjury, 18 U.S.C. § 1623, obstruction of justice, 18 U.S.C. § 1503, mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341, 1346, false statements, 18 U.S.C. § 1001, conspiracy against the United...

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