U.S. v. Boldin
| Decision Date | 10 January 1986 |
| Docket Number | No. 84-8672,84-8672 |
| Parties | UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Charles Donald BOLDIN, Lewis Crump, John Oscar Luck, Johnny Ray Moore, Jack W. Scarborough, Leonard Bonnell Steele, and Luis Rosendo Escobar, Defendants-Appellants. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit |
Appeals from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia.
ON PETITION FOR REHEARING
(Opinion Sept. 27, 1985, 11 Cir., 772 F.2d 719).
Before VANCE and HATCHETT, Circuit Judges and LYNNE *, District Judge.
On petition for rehearing, we delete from our opinion reported at 772 F.2d 719, 727 (11th Cir.1985), those two paragraphs referenced and [5, 6] and insert the following:
Our application of the Blockburger/Albernaz test to the conspiracy counts in this case shows no double jeopardy violation. Proof sufficient to prove a violation of the RICO conspiracy statute, 18 U.S.C.A. Sec. 1962(d), requires that the government demonstrate (1) the existence of an agreement, (2) the existence of an enterprise affecting interstate or foreign commerce, (3) the defendant's association with the enterprise, (4) the defendant's participation in conducting the enterprise's affairs, and (5) that the defendant's participation was through a pattern of racketeering activity, indicated by the commission of at least two racketeering acts. United States v. Bright, 630 F.2d 804, 829 (5th Cir.1980).
Section 963 of Title 21, the conspiracy to import statute, requires proof of (1) the existence of an agreement (2) to import (3) a controlled substance (4) into the United States and (5) the defendant's knowing and voluntary participation in the agreement. United States v. Bascaro, 742 F.2d 1335, 1359-60 (11th Cir.), reh'g denied, 749 F.2d 733 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied sub nom. Hobson v. United States, --- U.S. ----, 105 S.Ct. 3476, 87 L.Ed.2d 613, Villanueva v. United States, --- U.S. ----, 105 S.Ct. 3477, 87 L.Ed.2d 613, Waldrop v....
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...See Garrett, 105 S.Ct. at 2420. Accord United States v. Boldin, 772 F.2d 719, 730-31 (11th Cir.1985), modified on other grounds, 779 F.2d 618 (11th Cir), cert. denied, 106 S.Ct. 1269 (1986); United States v. Schuster, 769 F.2d 337, 344-45 (6th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 106 S.Ct. 1210 (1986).......
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