U.S. v. Brown, 90-1028

• Decision Date: 15 October 1990
• Docket Number: No. 90-1028,90-1028
• Citation: U.S. v. Brown, 913 F.2d 570 (8th Cir. 1990)
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Wayne Anthony BROWN, Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

Page 570

913 F.2d 570

UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Wayne Anthony BROWN, Appellant.

No. 90-1028.

United States Court of Appeals Eighth Circuit.

Submitted Aug. 14, 1990.

Decided Sept. 10, 1990.

Rehearing Denied Oct. 15, 1990.

David A. Wine, Des Moines, Iowa, for appellant.

Robert C. Dopf, Des Moines, Iowa, for appellee.

Before LAY, Chief Judge, and HEANEY and BRIGHT, Senior Circuit Judges.

LAY, Chief Judge.

Wayne Anthony Brown was convicted of conspiring to distribute cocaine and possession with intent to distribute cocaine base in violation of 21 U.S.C. Sec. 846 (Supp.1990) and 21 U.S.C. Secs. 841(a)(1) (1981) and 841(b)(1)(A)(iii) (Supp.1990). On appeal he challenges the district court's denial of his motion to suppress cocaine found in a locked glove compartment on the basis of the police officers' warrantless search. We affirm.

BACKGROUND

On July 23, 1989, Officers Batts and Anderson of the Des Moines, Iowa Police Narcotics Unit were parked in an unmarked van in an area known for drug dealing. They observed a Buick and a Ford Tempo pull over and stop approximately 150 feet from the van. The driver and passenger of the Buick exited their car and approached Wayne Anthony Brown who was in the driver's seat of the Ford Tempo. Batts observed through his binoculars the driver of the Buick hand Brown an unknown amount of money. Brown then reached over to the area of the glove compartment and gave the passenger of the Buick a white bag. After the passengers of the Buick returned to their car and drove off, the officers followed the Ford Tempo to a parking lot. The officers forced Brown, Ollie Talton and a third passenger to exit the vehicle. When the officers opened the glove compartment with a key that was lying in the front seat, they found a white plastic bag containing cocaine base and $931 in cash.

The district court denied Brown's motion to suppress the cocaine on the ground that the officers had probable cause to believe that contraband was in the car, and specifically in the locked glove compartment. Brown was subsequently convicted of possession with intent to distribute cocaine base and conspiracy to distribute cocaine.

DISCUSSION

Brown argues that the lower court erred by denying his motion to suppress the evidence because the officers lacked probable cause to believe the car contained contraband.

In Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1967), the Supreme Court examined the legality of a "stop and frisk" absent a warrant and probable cause. In Terry, the Court recognized that an officer may approach a person to investigate possible criminal behavior even though probable cause to make an arrest does not exist. Id. at 22, 88 S.Ct. at 1880-81. The Terry Court also held that a police officer may conduct a patdown search of the individuals under investigation if he or she has reason to believe that such persons are armed and dangerous. Id. at 30, 88 S.Ct. at 1884-85. Although the weapons search established in Terry was limited to the suspect's "outer clothing", the Supreme Court held in Michigan v. Long, 463 U.S. 1032, 1049, 103 S.Ct. 3469, 3480-81, 77 L.Ed.2d 1201 (1983), that the principles articulated in Terry apply to protective searches of vehicles' passenger compartments. In Long the Court concluded that

the search of the passenger compartment of an automobile, limited to those areas in which a weapon may be placed or hidden, is permissible if the police officer possesses a reasonable belief based on "specific and articulable facts which, taken together with the rational inferences from those facts, reasonably warrant" the officer in believing that the suspect is dangerous and the suspect may gain immediate control of weapons.

Id. at 1049, 103 S.Ct. at 3481 (quoting Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. at 21, 88 S.Ct. at 1880). The Court rejected the theory that a weapons search inside a vehicle is unreasonable once a suspect exits from the car and is under a police officer's control. The Long Court observed that just as a Terry suspect on the street may, despite being under the brief control of a police officer, reach into his clothing and retrieve a weapon, so might a Terry suspect in Long's position break away from police control and retrieve a weapon from his automobile. In...