U.S. v. Chavira, 93-2048
| Decision Date | 16 November 1993 |
| Docket Number | No. 93-2048,93-2048 |
| Citation | 9 F.3d 888 |
| Parties | UNITED STATES of America, Appellant, v. Martin Steve CHAVIRA, Appellee. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Tenth Circuit |
Francisco Macias, El Paso, TX, for appellee.
Richard A. Friedman (Don J. Svet, U.S. Atty., James D. Tierney, Asst. U.S. Atty., with him on the brief) Attorney, Appellate Section, Crim. Div., Dept. of Justice, Washington, DC, for appellant.
Before: MOORE, FEINBERG * and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
The United States appeals from an order entered January 29, 1993, in the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico, James A. Parker, J., suppressing evidence found during a Border Patrol stop of Martin Steve Chavira. Judge Parker's opinion is reported at 811 F.Supp. 628. Because we find that Chavira consented to a dog-sniff of his vehicle that led to the search of his vehicle in the course of a permissible detention, we reverse the suppression order.
On June 7, 1992, Chavira drove a car to a fixed Border Patrol checkpoint near Alamogordo, New Mexico. Border Patrol Agent Carlos Robles asked Chavira if he was a United States citizen, to which he responded affirmatively. Robles then went on to ask Chavira his destination and related questions. During this brief detention, Agent Robles requested and obtained permission to subject Chavira's car to a dog-sniff. The trained dog alerted to the presence of contraband. A subsequent search revealed 39 pounds of marijuana and 2.48 pounds of cocaine.
Chavira was indicted for possession, with intent to distribute, of more than 500 grams of cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. Secs. 841(a)(1) and (b)(1)(B) and less than 50 kilograms of marijuana in violation of 21 U.S.C. Secs. 841(a)(1) and (b)(1)(D).
The district court held that once Robles had asked Chavira whether he was a citizen and had received a satisfactory answer to his question, further questioning on what the district court regarded as matters "unrelated to immigration status" was impermissible absent "suspicious circumstances." 811 F.Supp. at 630. The drugs were thus suppressed as the fruit of an illegal detention and search.
Contrary to the district court's holding, however, Agent Robles needed no suspicious circumstances to justify asking Chavira his destination. After the district court ruled in this case, we made clear that the permissible scope of a routine border checkpoint stop extends beyond a mere inquiry into citizenship. Thus, the district court did not have the benefit of our observation that
a few brief questions concerning such things as vehicle ownership, cargo, destination, and travel plans may be appropriate if reasonably related to the agent's duty to prevent the unauthorized entry of individuals into this country and to prevent the smuggling of contraband.
United States v. Rascon-Ortiz, 994 F.2d 749, 752 (10th Cir.1993) (emphasis added). Inquiry as to a motorist's destination and travel plans is reasonably related to the Border Patrol's duties in that it tests the motorist's demeanor and credibility and may indicate whether the motorist is going to a location where smuggling is a problem....
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