U.S. v. Colatriano, 79-5544

• Decision Date: 21 August 1980
• Docket Number: No. 79-5544,79-5544
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Joseph Anthony COLATRIANO and Robert Edward Goodwin, Defendants-Appellants.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit

Page 686

624 F.2d 686

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Joseph Anthony COLATRIANO and Robert Edward Goodwin,

Defendants-Appellants.

No. 79-5544.

United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.

Aug. 21, 1980.

James C. Carr, Jr., Atlanta, Ga. (Court-Appointed), for Goodwin.

Thomas C. Bianco, Atlanta, Ga. (Court-Appointed), for Colatriano.

Robert L. Ridley, Atlanta, Ga., for defendants-appellants.

William L. Harper, U. S. Atty., Atlanta, Ga., for plaintiff-appellee.

Appeals from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia.

Before TUTTLE, VANCE and POLITZ, Circuit Judges.

TUTTLE, Circuit Judge:

This case involves appeals by two defendants who were convicted in the district court for the Northern District of Georgia of assault and carrying a deadly weapon while incarcerated in the federal penitentiary. We affirm the convictions.

On December 13, 1978, Lorman Edmonds, an inmate at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, was resting in his cell recovering from minor surgery, when he was attacked and stabbed. Edmonds ran from the cell in the direction of the prison hospital. Prison officials were alerted and officials and inmates began to converge on the cell block where Edmond's cell was located. One of the officers approached defendant Joseph Anthony Colatriano. Defendant Robert Edward Goodwin restrained the officer and Colatriano ran from the cell block to the level below, where he was apprehended.

Goodwin and Colatriano were indicted in a five count indictment returned on May 22, 1979. Goodwin was indicted in Count One for assault on an inmate, in Count Two for conveying a knife within the penitentiary, and in Count Five for impeding a correctional employee. Colatriano was charged in Count Three with assaulting a correctional employee and in Count Four with conveying a knife within the institution. At trial, the government presented evidence to prove that, on December 13, 1978, Goodwin entered Edmond's cell and stabbed him, while Colatriano stood guard outside the cell. Prison officials testified that, upon their arrival at the cell block, Goodwin and Colatriano fled. One of the officers grabbed Colatriano, who pulled out a knife and attempted to dispose of it by pushing it through the mesh screen along the side of the hallway. At that point, Goodwin restrained the officer while Colatriano fled. Colatriano was apprehended on a lower level. No weapons were found when he was searched; however, a knife was found in another area of the cell block. The knife was marked with a piece of tape. As part of its evidence, the government introduced a roll of tape which was found in Goodwin's belongings when he was transferred to a segregated area after the incident. The roll of tape was offered to be compared with the tape on the knife that was found in the hallway, and thus to prove that the knife was Goodwin's.

After the jury retired to consider the evidence, they sent two notes to the court, one requesting clarification of the jury verdict form, ¹ and another requesting clarification of the word "assault." ² The court called the jury back and responded to the two questions. Counsel for defendants requested that the court, in issuing the supplemental charge, reinstruct the jury on presumption of innocence and burden of proof. The court declined to reinstruct the jury. A verdict of guilty on all counts was returned.

The defendants assert that the trial court erred in three respects. Defendant Colatriano contends that the court improperly denied his motion for severance. Both defendants assert error in the trial court's admission of the roll of tape as evidence and in the court's refusal to reinstruct the jury concerning burden of proof and presumption of innocence.

Severance

Colatriano maintains that his trial with Goodwin was inherently prejudicial because evidence was presented to show his commission of a crime for which he was not being tried. Although Goodwin alone was charged with assaulting Edmonds, the government introduced evidence to indicate that Colatriano stood guard while Goodwin assaulted Edmonds. Colatriano argues that the effect of this evidence was to deny him a fair trial by implicating him in a charge for which he was not indicted.

Rule 8 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure allows joinder of defendants "if they are alleged to have participated in the same act or transaction or in the same series of acts or transactions constituting an offense or offenses." Furthermore, "all of the defendants need not be charged in each count." Id. In the instant case, a single continuous transaction gave rise to all five counts of the indictment. Under these circumstances, joinder of Goodwin and Colatriano was proper. See United States v. Laca, 499 F.2d 922, 925 (5th Cir. 1974). Nor do we find that joinder unduly prejudiced Colatriano, requiring severance under rule 14. ³ Evidence of the manner in which the incident was initiated was a necessary part of the government's proof of the charge that Colatriano was guilty of transporting a knife from place to place within the prison. In addition, the possibility of jury confusion was adequately cured by the trial court's specific instruction to the jury that defendant Colatriano was not charged with the offense of assaulting an inmate. We perceive no abuse of the trial court's discretion in its refusal to grant severance. See United States v. Hamilton, 492 F.2d 1110 (5th Cir. 1974).

Admission of the Roll of Tape

When an inmate is transferred to segregated confinement, his belongings are picked up by a prison official, marked, and taken to the property room. Goodwin's belongings, including a roll of tape, were found in the property room after Goodwin was transferred from his cell block. According to the testimony of the government's expert, the roll of tape matched the tape on the knife which was found in the hallway. Prior to introducing the tape into evidence, the government presented testimony that it is the normal practice in the penitentiary, when a prisoner is transferred to a segregated unit, for an officer to remove the prisoner's belongings from his cell, mark them, and place them in the segregation property room. He also testified that the roll of tape was removed from the belongings in the property room marked as Goodwin's.

The defendants assert that the tape should not have been admitted into evidence because the government failed to present evidence to establish that an officer picked up the property in Goodwin's room, marked it, and placed it in the property room. They contend that a break in the chain of custody renders physical evidence inadmissible.

"It is well settled that whether the government has proved an adequate chain of custody goes to the weight rather than the admissibility of the evidence." United States v. Henderson, 588 F.2d 157, 160 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 440 U.S. 975, 99 S.Ct. 1544, 59 L.Ed.2d 794 (1979); see United States v. White, 569 F.2d 263, 266 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 848, 99 S.Ct. 148, 58 L.Ed.2d 149 (1978). The evidence was properly admitted.

Supplemental Instruction

Before the jury retired to consider the evidence in this case, the trial court fully instructed the jury regarding the elements of the offenses charged, the government's burden of proof, and the presumption of innocence. After some consideration, the jury asked that the court clarify two points. First, the jury inquired whether the words "deadly weapon" should appear in the verdict form for part (1) of Count One, and whether there was a difference between part (1), assault resulting in serious bodily injury, and part (2), the lesser included offense of assault with a deadly weapon with intent to do bodily harm. The court responded that the words deadly weapon should not appear in part (1), and explained the difference between the two offenses:

The first offense of assault resulting in a serious bodily injury may...