U.S. v. Deigert
| Decision Date | 12 October 1990 |
| Docket Number | Nos. 89-5184,s. 89-5184 |
| Citation | 916 F.2d 916 |
| Parties | UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. David Michael DEIGERT, Defendant-Appellant. UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Donald Raymond SIGWART, Defendant-Appellant. UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. William SCOTT, Defendant-Appellant. UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Anna ADOLPHSON, Defendant-Appellant. to 89-5186 and 89-5455. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Fourth Circuit |
Stephen Jon Cribari, Deputy Federal Defender, and Francis Samuel Brocato, Brocato, Price & Bushel, P.A., Baltimore, Md., argued (Fred Warren Bennett, Federal Public Defender, Baltimore, Md., and Richard Stolker, Rockville, Md., on brief), for defendants-appellants.
Jan Paul Miller, Asst. U.S. Atty., Baltimore, Md., for plaintiff-appellee.
Before RUSSELL and MURNAGHAN, Circuit Judges, and TILLEY, District Judge for the Middle District of North Carolina, sitting by designation.
The defendants were found guilty of various counts in an indictment alleging a drug conspiracy and substantive distribution violations transpiring from 1981 until March 1988. Each argues that his or her individual sentence violated the ex post facto clause of the constitution because it was fashioned according to the federal Sentencing Guidelines and included punishment for conduct occurring before November 1, 1987, when the Guidelines became effective. We have recently considered and rejected the ex post facto argument in this circuit. See United States v. Sheffer, 896 F.2d 842 (4th Cir.1990). The sentences of David Michael Deigert and Donald Raymond Sigwart are, therefore, affirmed.
William Scott and Anna Adolphson raise other questions about the sentencing process. For the reasons which follow, Scott's sentence will be affirmed and Adolphson's will be remanded to the district court for further consideration.
Scott contends the district court erred by including "relevant conduct" (i.e., Scott's participation in the overall scheme or transaction as distinguished from that specifically charged in the individual count to which he pled guilty) in calculating his base offense level. This, he argues, was not permissible for offenses occurring prior to amendments of the United States Sentencing Commission Guidelines Manual, Secs. 1B1.2 and 1B1.3 (hereinafter U.S.S.G.) which became effective on January 15, 1988.
Prior to imposing sentence, the district court addressed this contention in a memorandum opinion, quoting the Sentencing Commission's statement that "[t]he purposes of this amendment are to correct a clerical error and to clarify the operation of the guidelines." See United States v. Ofchinick, 877 F.2d 251, 257 n. 9 (3d Cir.1989) (). Based upon the reasoning of United States v. Guerrero, 863 F.2d 245 (2d Cir.1988), the district court held the amendments not to be substantive and, accordingly, found "pursuant to Sections 1B1.2 and 1B1.3 that defendants involved in a conspiracy can be sentenced for all the drugs known or reasonably foreseen by them...." J.A. 76.
We agree with the district court and join the Tenth and Sixth Circuits in adopting the reasoning of Guerrero, supra, that the relevant January 15, 1988, amendments were not substantive changes, but clarifications of the existing principle that relevant
conduct should be used to determine a defendant's base offense level. See United States v. Frederick, 897 F.2d 490, 494 (10th Cir.1990); United States v. Sailes, 872 F.2d 735 (6th Cir.1989).
Scott also contends that the district court erred by considering two prior alcohol-related traffic offenses--driving while impaired and driving under the influence of alcohol--in calculating his criminal history. Had the offenses not been considered, Scott would have been in criminal history category I instead of II and in a Guidelines range of 51-67 months instead of 57-71 months.
According to U.S.S.G. Sec. 4A1.2 all felony offenses, misdemeanors and petty offenses are counted in arriving at a criminal history category unless specifically excluded by Sec. 4A1.2(c) or other specific exclusion not relevant here. See U.S.S.G. Sec. 4A1.2(e)-(j).
Guidelines Sec. 4A1.2, (n.5) provides:
Sentences for Driving While Intoxicated or Under the Influence. Convictions for driving while intoxicated or under the influence (and similar offenses by whatever name they are known) are counted. Such offenses are not minor traffic infractions within the meaning of Sec. 4A1.2(c).
Scott cites no authority to indicate the prior convictions should not have been counted. Because they are not excluded by Sec. 4A1.2(c) and are expressly included by the terms of Sec. 4A1.2, (n.5), the district judge correctly counted both in calculating the criminal history category to be II.
Scott contends that even if the alcohol-related convictions are properly counted, the district court erred when it failed to consider a downward departure on the ground that they "significantly over-represent[ed] the seriousness of [the] defendant's criminal history," U.S.S.G. Sec. 4A1.3.
In United States v. Bayerle, 898 F.2d 28 (4th Cir.1990), this Court held a refusal to depart downward not appealable by the defendant unless it is the result of the "court's mistaken view that it lacked the authority to depart." Bayerle, supra, at 31. Scott offers nothing which persuades us that the district court misunderstood its authority when it did not depart downward.
At sentencing, Adolphson requested a downward departure based upon a combination of "5H factors" referred to collectively as her tragic personal background and family history. During oral argument before this Court, her attorney enumerated those as being: a traumatic and abusive upbringing, a drug addiction that was manipulated "over about a decade and a half," a money debt to her brother--a co-defendant--for having wrecked his car, being the mother of several children, and being pregnant at the time of sentencing.
Adolphson contends that the sentencing judge did not give consideration to her "tragic personal background and family history" as a ground for downward departure because he mistakenly interpreted the Guidelines as totally prohibiting departures based on personal history and family background. See Bayerle, supra. She cites the following statements of the court as indicating a mistaken view:
The Court is also not prepared to depart on the basis of the Defendant's tragic and unfortunate background. The policy statements set forth in 5H1.1 through 10 clearly establish that such considerations relate to setting a sentence within the guidelines and are not grounds for departure.
From the Court's experience, virtually every Defendant appearing before it has elements in his or her background which may well have led to the criminal activity and frequently can engender the sympathy of the court.
Such factors were clearly relevant in...
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