U.S. v. DeMarce, s. 74-1699

Decision Date10 April 1975
Docket NumberNos. 74-1699,s. 74-1699
PartiesUNITED STATES of America, Appellant, v. Jerome DeMARCE et al., Appellees. to 74-1704.
CourtU.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

Ronald Dosch, Devils Lake, N. D., for DeMarce, Longie and Whitetail.

Leo Broden, Devils Lake, N. D., for McKay and Thompson.

Gary Annear, Asst. U. S. Atty., Fargo, N. D., for appellant.

Before LAY and BRIGHT, Circuit Judges, and TALBOT SMITH, Senior District Judge. *

BRIGHT, Circuit Judge.

The Government has charged Jerome DeMarce and five other young Indians (residents of the Fort Totten Indian Reservation in North Dakota) as juvenile delinquents under the Juvenile Delinquency Act, 18 U.S.C. § 5031 et seq. (1970). 1 The Government appeals an order of the district court suppressing as evidence a .22 calibre rifle and also suppressing statements of these juveniles given to a representative of the North Dakota Bureau of Criminal Investigation and subsequent statements given to an FBI agent. These statements were made while the juveniles were incarcerated at a local jail.

Subsequent to oral argument, we entered an order remanding this case to the district court for a more precise ruling on whether the initial arrest was made, on a probable cause basis, for violation of state laws only or for violation of state and federal laws by the juveniles. 2 The district court has now ruled on this question and we proceed with our determination.

DeMarce and the other youths were arrested during the early morning hours of Saturday, July 6, 1974, within the boundaries of the Fort Totten Indian Reservation. They had led authorities on a high-speed automobile chase over highways both on and off the Indian reservation. State law enforcement officers and officers of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) cooperated in chasing and apprehending the juveniles, but, according to the district court's finding, these youths were arrested by officers of the BIA. The district court found that these officers made the arrests "on a probable cause (to believe) that state and federal offenses had been committed."

At the time of the arrest, law enforcement officers suspected the juveniles of an attempted burglary in a nearby nonreservation community, automobile theft off the reservation, and assault committed on the reservation by shooting at the sheriff's car pursuing them. After the arrest, BIA officers transported the youths to the Devils Lake Law Enforcement Center at Devils Lake. These young men were incarcerated for about 80 hours before they were taken before a federal magistrate and charged under federal law as juvenile delinquents.

The statements in question were taken during this 80-hour period. The trial court suppressed these statements and also suppressed as evidence a firearm allegedly used by the youths found along the highway which the youths claim authorities were able to locate because of information furnished in their statements. The issuance of the district court's suppression order rests on provisions of 18 U.S.C. § 5035, which limits detention of a juvenile under federal arrest to a period no longer "than is necessary to produce the juvenile before a committing magistrate." 3 We affirm only that part of the district court's order suppressing the statements.

The United States contends that although federal officials participated in the arrests of these juveniles, the youths were actually arrested by state authorities on state charges, and that the "federal arrest," for purposes of § 5035, was not effectuated until July 9, when federal officials finally decided to bring federal charges against the youths. This determination to file federal charges was made the day of the hearing before the federal magistrate and some 70-80 hours after the youths' initial arrest and incarceration.

While we accept the Government's statement that it did not decide to file federal charges until July 9, the record nevertheless discloses substantial evidence sustaining the district court's finding that federal (BIA) law enforcement officers actually effectuated the arrests. Unfortunately, it appears that after the arrests the BIA officials did not furnish the FBI with adequate details of the crimes and the arrests of the young men. As a result, the FBI apparently assumed that the young men were in custody under state charges and that while a possible federal violation had occurred which called for further investigation, there was no need to expedite the investigation during the weekend following the arrest. An FBI agent did investigate the incident on the next Monday and Tuesday, July 8 and 9. On the afternoon of July 9th, this agent advised the United States Attorney for the District of North Dakota of the facts and received authorization to file a criminal complaint against the juveniles. These juveniles were finally taken before a federal magistrate at 5:00 P.M. on July 9, 1974 some 80 hours after their arrests. This delay in formalizing charges against the juveniles, although apparently unintentional, cannot be justified. 4

Section 5035 requires that whenever a juvenile is arrested for an alleged violation of any law of the United States certain steps must be taken relating to detention and that in no case shall the juvenile be detained "for a longer...

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    ...articulating the inevitable discovery rule, relied upon the independent source exception for its decision. See United States v. DeMarce, 513 F.2d 755, 758 (8th Cir. 1975). Similarly, the district court in United States ex rel. Roberts v. Ternullo, 407 F.Supp. 1172, 1176-78 (E.D.N.Y.1976), c......
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