U.S. v. Dobbs, s. 74-1024
| Decision Date | 09 January 1975 |
| Docket Number | 74-1025,Nos. 74-1024,s. 74-1024 |
| Citation | 506 F.2d 445 |
| Parties | 75-1 USTC P 9210 UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Willis P. DOBBS, Defendant-Appellant. UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Bryan T. DOBBS, Defendant-Appellant. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit |
Foy R. Devine, Robert G. Fierer, Atlanta, Ga., for defendants-appellants.
John W. Stokes, Jr., U.S. Atty., William P. Gaffney, Asst. U.S. Atty., Atlanta, Ga., for plaintiff-appellee.
Appeals from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia.
Before BELL, AINSWORTH and RONEY, Circuit Judges.
Appellants, father and son, engaged in preparing income tax returns for others, were convicted of willfully and knowingly aiding and assisting in the fraudulent preparation of tax returns by overstating deductions. The violations were charged in 24 separate counts against Willis Dobbs and 11 against Bryan Dobbs. Willis Dobbs was convicted on two counts; Bryan Dobbs was convicted on one count. This appeal followed.
Appellants first contend that the trial court erred in allowing the government to dismiss charges against them after the commencement of a preliminary hearing. (They were indicted by a grand jury 12 days later.) The gravamen of their contention in this respect is that subsequent to arrest, a federal right to a preliminary hearing attaches unless an indictment intervenes before the date set for a hearing. They hoped to show through 26 witnesses called to testify at the preliminary hearing that probable cause was lacking as to each count. 1 We hold that no substantive rights were lost as a result of the procedure employed here. A dismissal for lack of probable cause at the preliminary hearing would not have prevented the subsequent indictment. Cf. United States v. Coley, 5 Cir., 1971, 441 F.2d 1299, 1301.
Appellants attempted to introduce into evidence a survey covertly conducted by a secretary to appellants' counsel. The survey consisted of questions propounded to three IRS employees who assisted the public in preparing tax returns. The inquiry was as to deductions similar to some of those upon which the convictions of appellants were based. The contention was that the survey would establish that the IRS personnel gave the same advice as appellants regarding tax return preparation. The court did not err in excluding the result of the survey. The circumstances of the survey did not coincide with the underlying basis of the conduct charged to appellants; and the hypothetical questions posed, as well as the answers thereto, were attenuated at best. The trial judge has wide discretion in determining questions as to the relevance and materiality of evidence. United States v. Garr, 5 Cir., 1972, 461 F.2d 487, 489-490. The gist of the charges against appellants were adding to the deductions submitted to them by taxpayers and not in types of deductions or the formulae therefor.
The trial court's exclusion of defendants' proffer of evidence exhibiting routine, noncriminal conduct as to some...
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