U.S. v. Doe

• Decision Date: 07 January 1976
• Docket Number: No. 75-2373,75-2373
• Citation: 525 F.2d 878
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. John DOE a/k/a 'Lagas' Robert Tarango Lujan, Defendant-Appellant. Summary Calendar. *
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit

Page 878

525 F.2d 878

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. John DOE a/k/a 'Lagas' Robert Tarango Lujan, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 75-2373 Summary Calendar. ^*

United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit.

Jan. 7, 1976.

Tony Aguilar (Court-appointed), El Paso, Tex., for defendant-appellant.

John Clark, U.S. Atty., San Antonio, Tex., Frank B. Walker, El Paso, Tex., for plaintiff-appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas.

Before WISDOM, CLARK and RONEY, Circuit Judges.

CLARK, Circuit Judge:

Robert Tarango Lujan was convicted by a jury of possession of heroin with intent to distribute in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). The only issue on appeal concerns the propriety of a post-trial in camera proceeding conducted by the trial judge with a confidential informant. Finding the procedure consistent with the dictates of Roviaro v. United States, 353 U.S. 53, 77 S.Ct. 623, 1 L.Ed.2d 639 (1957) and today's decision in United States v. Freund, 525 F.2d 873 (5th Cir. 1976), we affirm the conviction.

Roy Wiseman, an El Paso police officer specially assigned to the DEA Task Force, testified that on October 24, 1974, he purchased heroin from Lujan at Lujan's El Paso apartment. Wiseman stated that he was introduced to Lujan by a confidential informant who was present throughout the negotiations and sale. The informant did not otherwise participate in the transaction. At trial, Lujan presented an alibi defense, claiming that at the time of the transaction he was in Juarez, Mexico, getting his teeth fixed.

The government opposed defense counsel's motion to require disclosure of the informant's identity, insisting that the informant's life would be jeopardized if he were brought to the courthouse. During a conference outside the presence of the jury, the trial judge discussed with the prosecutor and defense counsel the possibility of interviewing the informant in camera. At one point, defense counsel stated that 'I would not want the court to get the idea that I had reservations about the in camera interview. This is better than any thing we have thought of because the court could make an evaluation.' Later in the discussion, however, the defendant took the position that he was entitled to confront and cross-examine the informant regardless of what an in camera hearing might reveal to the court. The informant was not produced for an in camera interview during the course of the trial, because the government asserted a belief that even such limited exposure would endanger his life.

In an attempt to resolve any reservations the court might have harbored concerning the possibility of a misidentification of Lujan, the government called an El Paso police detective who had previously conferred with the informant. Outside the presence of the jury, the officer testified that he had shown the informant a 10-year-old, police file photograph of Lujan and that the informant had positively identified Lujan as the man who sold the heroin to Wiseman. Although troubled by the manner in which the informant made the identification of Lujan, the trial court refused to order disclosure of the informant's identity on the basis that nothing in the record indicated that the informer's testimony would be relevant or helpful to the defense. The case was then submitted to the jury and a verdict of guilty was returned.

In Lujan's motion for a new trial, his counsel again urged that the refusal to disclose was erroneous. To insure that the prior order was correct, the trial court conducted an in camera...