U.S. v. Favela, 00-2314

• Decision Date: 09 January 2001
• Docket Number: No. 00-2314,00-2314
• Citation: 247 F.3d 838
• Parties: (8th Cir. 2001) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PLAINTIFF - APPELLEE, v. MARIA DEJESUS FAVELA, DEFENDANT - APPELLANT. Submitted:
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

Page 838

247 F.3d 838 (8th Cir. 2001)

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PLAINTIFF - APPELLEE, v. MARIA DEJESUS FAVELA, DEFENDANT - APPELLANT.

No. 00-2314

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

Submitted: January 9, 2001

Filed: April 26, 2001

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri.

Before Loken, Heaney, and Bye, Circuit Judges.

Loken, Circuit Judge

After Maria DeJesus Favela pleaded guilty to possession of methamphetamine with intent to distribute in violation of 21 U.S.C. 841(a)(1), the district court ¹ sentenced her to seventy months in prison and five years of supervised release. Favela appeals the denial of her motion to suppress methamphetamine found on her person following her arrest at the Kansas City International Airport. The issue is whether the arrest followed a consensual search tainted by an unlawful detention. We affirm.

On the day in question, Favela arrived at the Kansas City airport on a plane from California. Task Force Officer James Morgan and Senior Airman Paul Callaway watched Favela for about ten minutes as she walked back and forth from Gate 34 to a restroom and gift shop near Gate 30, and then sat for a few minutes near the Gate 30 exit before again proceeding to the gift shop entrance. Officer Morgan approached from behind, identified himself as a police officer, displayed his badge and identification, and asked Favela if he could speak with her. She agreed. Morgan stood approximately 11/2 feet in front of Favela, while Callaway stood approximately 21/2 feet to Morgan's left. Both were dressed in plain clothes and did not display weapons.

Morgan asked Favela if she spoke English. She replied, "a little." Favela told Morgan she was in Kansas City for one day to visit family and allowed him to review her identification and one-way airline ticket (purchased with cash the day before). Morgan asked if she had illegal narcotics or a large sum of currency in her possession. Favela responded that she did not. Morgan then asked if he could search Favela and her bag. Favela consented and handed her clear plastic bag to Morgan. While Callaway searched the bag, finding no drugs or other contraband, Morgan asked Favela to pull her loose-fitting shirt tight around her stomach area, demonstrating the request by pulling his own shirt tight. When Favela complied, Morgan and Callaway observed a bulge in the upper middle portion of her stomach area. Morgan pointed to the bulge and inquired what it was. Favela sighed, shrugged her shoulders, and looked at the floor. Morgan asked if he could touch the bulge. Favela nodded affirmatively. After feeling two hard bulges he believed to be illegal drugs, Morgan placed Favela under arrest. A search incident to the arrest uncovered 1.2 kilograms of methamphetamine taped to Favela's body. The entire encounter lasted approximately five minutes.

In denying her motion to suppress following an evidentiary hearing, the district court found that Favela initially agreed to talk to Officer Morgan and Airman Callaway and then voluntarily consented to the search of her bag, a search of her person, and to pulling her shirt tight at Officer Morgan's request. These findings are not clearly erroneous. See United States v. McKines, 933 F.2d 1412, 1423 (8th Cir. 1991) (en banc) (standard of review). They distinguish this case from United States v. Eustaquio, 198 F.3d 1068, 1070 (8th Cir. 1999) (unconsented touching of a bulge in the defendant's clothing, without reasonable suspicion, violated her Fourth Amendment rights), and United States v. Green, 52 F.3d 194, 197 (8th Cir. 1995) (because defendant did not consent to search of her bag, detention of the bag for a dog sniff was a seizure requiring reasonable suspicion).

Favela argues the district court should nonetheless have suppressed the methamphetamine because her initial encounter with Morgan and Callaway was a Fourth Amendment seizure, the officers had no reasonable suspicion justifying that investigative stop, and therefore the consensual search of Favela's person and her subsequent arrest were tainted fruits of a Fourth Amendment violation. The...