U.S. v. Geiger, 89-1429

• Decision Date: 20 December 1989
• Docket Number: No. 89-1429,89-1429
• Citation: 891 F.2d 512
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Ivory Ruth GEIGER, Defendant-Appellant. Summary Calendar.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit

Page 512

891 F.2d 512

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Ivory Ruth GEIGER, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 89-1429

Summary Calendar.

United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.

Dec. 20, 1989.

T. Bradley Cates, Waco, Tex. (court-appointed), for defendant-appellant.

LeRoy Morgan Jahn, Philip Police, Asst. U.S. Attys., San Antonio, Tex., for plaintiff-appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas.

Before REAVLEY, KING and JOHNSON, Circuit Judges.

REAVLEY, Circuit Judge:

Defendant Ivory Ruth Geiger appeals a sentence imposed after she entered a guilty plea for distribution of "crack" cocaine within 1000 feet of an elementary school, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 845a. While the defendant claims that the district court erred in making an upward departure from the Sentencing Guidelines ("Guidelines"), we find the sentence was within the court's discretion and affirm.

I.

On October 22, 1988, an undercover agent approached Geiger at a housing project within 1000 feet of an elementary school in Temple, Texas and negotiated the purchase of "crack" with food stamps. Geiger agreed to the sale and at her request Geiger's son and co-defendant, Archie Geiger, gave the agent 0.46 grams of "crack" in exchange for $200 in food stamps.

Subsequent to indictment, Geiger entered a guilty plea to the charge of distributing "crack" within 1000 feet of a school, 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 845a, and the government dismissed two additional charges, conspiracy to possess "crack" cocaine with the intent to distribute, 21 U.S.C. § 846, and unlawful acquisition and possession of food stamps, 7 U.S.C. § 2024(b). She was then sentenced to 120 months imprisonment, six years supervised release, a $1000 fine, and a $50 special assessment. Geiger filed this timely appeal, claiming that the district court made an impermissible upward departure from the Guidelines.

II.

At the time the instant offense was committed, Geiger was on probation for a prior conviction and on bail for pending drug charges. Her criminal history consists of four prior convictions for drug offenses and one conviction for gambling. Based on these convictions Geiger would have qualified as a career offender, but did not because three of the drug convictions were consolidated for one sentence. Her criminal record was thus computed to be Criminal History Category III. See U.S. Sentencing Commission, Sentencing Guidelines Manual, § 4A1.1(c), (d) (Oct. 15, 1988) [hereinafter Sentencing Guidelines ]. The base offense level is 16, but was adjusted to 14 for acceptance of responsibility. Id. §§ 2D1.1(a)(3), 2D1.3(a)(2)(B), 3E1.1. According to the Guidelines, the appropriate imprisonment range is 21 to 27 months. See id. § 5C2.1, Sentencing Table.

The district court made an upward departure from the Guidelines by imposing a sentence of 120 months. We are bound to uphold a sentence unless it was " 'imposed in violation of law,' or was 'imposed as a result of an incorrect application of the sentencing guidelines,' or was 'outside the range of the applicable sentencing guideline, and is unreasonable.' " United States v. Buenrostro, 868 F.2d 135, 136 (5th Cir.1989) (quoting 18 U.S.C. § 3742(d), (e)).

An upward departure is permissible if aggravating circumstances are present that are not adequately taken into consideration by the Guidelines. United States v. Roberson, 872 F.2d 597, 601 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 110 S.Ct. 175, 107 L.Ed.2d 131 (1989); 18 U.S.C. § 3553(b); Sentencing Guidelines § 5K2.0. While a sentencing court has broad discretion in departing from the Guidelines, it must explain why the departure is justified by the policies underlying the Guidelines. United States v. Rivera, 879 F.2d 1247, 1254-55 (5th Cir.1989); Roberson, 872 F.2d at 601. A sentencing judge need not "incant the specific language used in the guidelines" to explain an upward departure. United States v. DeLuna-Trujillo, 868 F.2d 122, 124 (5th Cir.1989). A court is only required to "identify clearly the aggravating factors and its reasons for connecting them to the permissible grounds for departure...." Id.

Geiger claims that the imprisonment term should be rejected on two grounds: (1) because the upward departure was based on factors already taken into account by the Guidelines; and (2) because the district court failed to enumerate its reasons for the upward departure. The district court made the following statements during the sentencing hearing:

I ... agree with the probation officer, that this is one of those cases ... where [a substantially] upward departure would be appropriate, because of the fact that the previous convictions are...