U.S. v. Jackson, 91-50608
| Decision Date | 18 February 1993 |
| Docket Number | No. 91-50608,91-50608 |
| Parties | UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Manuel Larry JACKSON, Defendant-Appellant. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit |
Elaine Morinelli, Oakland, CA, for defendant-appellant.
John Byrne, Asst. U.S. Atty., Los Angeles, CA, for plaintiff-appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California.
Before BEEZER, BRUNETTI and THOMPSON, Circuit Judges.
Manuel Larry Jackson appeals his 210-month sentence imposed following his jury conviction for armed bank robbery in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a) (1988). Jackson contends the district court erred by enhancing his sentence under the career offender provision of United States Sentencing Guidelines ("U.S.S.G.") § 4B1.1 (1990) because a prior California conviction for attempted first-degree burglary was not a "crime of violence" under U.S.S.G. §§ 4B1.1 and 4B1.2 (1990). The attempted burglary conviction resulted from Jackson attempting to enter a residence through a window and then fleeing over a fence.
Jackson also contends that the district court erred in not departing downward from the guideline range. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.
The district court's determination that Jackson is a career offender is an interpretation of the guidelines, and is reviewed de novo. United States v. Becker, 919 F.2d 568, 570 (9th Cir.1990), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 111 S.Ct. 1118, 113 L.Ed.2d 226 (1991).
Jackson argues that his conviction for attempted first-degree burglary did not involve the threat of physical force against another, and therefore this conviction does not constitute a "crime of violence" for purposes of section 4B1.2 and it cannot be used as a predicate offense to trigger section 4B1.1. We disagree.
Jackson's argument is contrary to our holding in United States v. Sherman, 928 F.2d 324, 326 (9th Cir.1991), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 112 S.Ct. 133, 116 L.Ed.2d 100 (1991). There we held that under this circuit's "categorical approach," we look only to the statutory definition of the crime, and not to the specific conduct involved in a prior conviction. Id.
Jackson also argues that because his conviction was for an attempt to commit burglary, not for burglary itself, it should not be counted as a predicate offense for career offender status under section 4B1.1. Again, we disagree.
In United States v. Morrison, 972 F.2d 269 (9th Cir.1992), we rejected the argument that because the appellant acted as a "lookout" and did not personally handle For the foregoing reasons, we hold that Jackson's attempted first-degree burglary conviction is a "crime of violence" under section 4B1.2(1)(ii), and qualifies as a predicate offense for establishing career offender status under section 4B1.1. 1
explosives, his conviction for "aiding and abetting" malicious destruction by explosives did not constitute a "crime of violence" for purposes of career offender enhancement. Id. at 270. We held that this argument was foreclosed by the language of section 4B1.2, comment. (n.1), which provides that the term "crime of violence" "include(s) the offenses of aiding and abetting, conspiring, and attempting to commit such offenses." Id. at 271. See U.S.S.G. § 1B1.7 (commentary accompanying a guideline may interpret the guideline or explain how it is to be applied; failure to follow such commentary could constitute an incorrect application of the guidelines); United States v. Anderson, 942 F.2d 606, 609-614 (9th Cir.1991) (courts should always consider the commentary, and construe the guideline and its commentary to be consistent with one another and the relevant part as a whole, if possible)
Jackson next contends it was error for the district court not to depart downward from the guideline range. Jackson argues he is entitled to a downward departure because (1) his criminal history category of VI significantly over-represents the seriousness of his criminal history; (2) he is a drug addict; and (3) the underlying facts of his attempted burglary conviction warrant departure.
We lack jurisdiction to review a district court's discretionary decision not to depart downward from the Sentencing Guidelines. United States v. Garcia-Garcia, 927 F.2d 489, 490 (9th Cir.1991) (per curiam) (); United States v. Morales, 898 F.2d 99, 103 n. 2 (9th Cir.1990) (same).
Jackson contends the district court's decision not to depart downward was not an exercise of...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
In re Palacios-Pinera
...or property of another" irrespective of whether the risk develops or harm actually occurs. Id. at 812; see also United States v. Jackson, 986 F.2d 312 (9th Cir. 1993); United States v. Sherman, 928 F.2d 324 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 842 (1991). Stated differently, "`Offenses within......
-
In re Palacios-Pinera
...occurs. Id. at 812; see also United States v. Sherman, 928 F.2d 324 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 842 (1991); United States v. Jackson, 986 F.2d 312 (1993). Stated differently, "`Offenses within the scope of section 16(b) have as a commonly shared characteristic the potential of result......
-
In re Puente-Salazar
...of Alcantar, supra, at 812 (citing United States v. Marzullo, 780 F. Supp. 658, 662-63 n.8 (W.D. Mo. 1991)); see also United States v. Jackson, 986 F.2d 312 (9th Cir. 1993); United States v. Sherman, 928 F.2d 324 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 842 (1991). We need only consider the fact ......
-
U.S. v. Sarbia
...Guidelines ... terms are to be given their plain meaning." United States v. Charlesworth, 217 F.3d 1155, 1159(9th Cir.2000). In United States v. Jackson, we held that attempted first-degree burglary under California law is a "crime of violence" for purposes of section 4B1.2. 986 F.2d at 314......