U.S. v. Khoury

• Decision Date: 21 May 1990
• Docket Number: 88-5552,Nos. 87-5927,s. 87-5927
• Citation: 901 F.2d 975
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. George M. KHOURY, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit

Page 975

901 F.2d 975

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. George M. KHOURY, Defendant-Appellant.

Nos. 87-5927, 88-5552.

United States Court of Appeals Eleventh Circuit.

May 21, 1990.

As Amended June 7, 1990.

George M. Khoury, pro se.

Dexter W. Lehtinen, U.S. Atty., Dawn Bowen, Lynne W. Lamprecht, Linda C. Hertz, Asst. U.S. Attys., Miami, Fla., for plaintiff-appellee.

Appeals from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida.

Before FAY and KRAVITCH, Circuit Judges, and THOMPSON ^*, District Judge.

KRAVITCH, Circuit Judge:

George Khoury was convicted of various drug-related offenses, and he appealed the judgment of conviction. The facts of that case are set forth in United States v. Khoury, 901 F.2d 948 (11th Cir.1990). While his appeal in 86-5175 was pending, Khoury filed a number of motions in the district court, and he subsequently filed two appeals from orders of the district court disposing of his motions. Those appeals, 87-5927 and 88-5552, were consolidated for consideration by the panel that heard and decided 86-5175. The consolidated appeals, however, were not orally argued and are decided now on the briefs.

COLLATERAL RELIEF

Khoury filed a motion for post-conviction relief under 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2255 after he had filed a notice of appeal. The district court denied the motion on the ground that the court lacked jurisdiction because jurisdiction had vested in the court of appeals for the pendency of the appeal. ¹ The general rule is that a defendant may not seek collateral relief while his direct appeal is pending. Jones v. United States, 453 F.2d 351, 352 (5th Cir.1972) (per curiam); ² Welsh v. United States, 404 F.2d 333 (5th Cir.1968). Khoury may pursue his collateral remedies without prejudice when jurisdiction is revested in the district court.

MOTION FOR A NEW TRIAL BASED ON NEWLY DISCOVERED EVIDENCE

Khoury, pointing to the allegedly exculpatory DEA-6 (a Drug Enforcement Administration report), discussed in our published decision U.S. v. Khoury, 901 F.2d at 969-70, moved for a new trial based on newly discovered evidence. The district court denied the motion. Such disposition accorded with Fed.R.Crim.P. 33, which provides:

A motion for a new trial based on the ground of newly discovered evidence may be made only before or within two years after final judgment, but if an appeal is pending the court may grant the motion only on remand of the case.

Here an appeal was pending, and the case had not been remanded. ³ The district court, therefore, properly denied the motion as it could not grant relief absent a remand from this court.

"The decision to grant or deny a motion for new trial on the basis of newly discovered evidence rests in the sound discretion of the trial judge. We will reverse the denial of such a motion only where 'it is shown that the ruling was so clearly erroneous as to constitute an abuse of discretion.' " United States v. Martino, 648 F.2d 367, 407 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949, 102 S.Ct. 2020, 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982). Based on the record before the district court, the ruling was not "so clearly erroneous as to constitute an abuse of discretion." Thus, the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion for a new trial.

SENTENCING

Pursuant to Fed.R.Crim.P. 36, Khoury moved the district court to correct the order of judgment and committal to conform to the sentence imposed at sentencing. The district court denied the motion and ordered the transcript of sentencing amended. At sentencing, the trial judge had orally pronounced sentence on Khoury. Unfortunately, the sentence was internally inconsistent:

The Court being fully informed of the facts and circumstances surrounding the It is further the judgment of the Court and sentence of the law as to Counts II and III of this Indictment, that the Defendant, George Khoury, be committed to the custody of the Attorney General of the United States or his authorized representative for imprisonment for a term of five years. The sentence imposed in Counts II and III of this are [sic] to run consecutively to each other and consecutively to the sentence imposed in Count I of this Indictment.

crimes and no valid reason having been shown as to why sentence should not now be imposed, it is the judgment of the Court and sentence of the law that George Khoury be committed to the custody of the Attorney General for the United States or his authorized representative, for imprisonment for a term of five years as to Count I of this Indictment.

It is further the judgment of the Court and the sentence of the law as to Counts IV and XVI of this Indictment, that the Defendant, George Khoury, be committed to the custody of the Attorney General of the United States or his authorized representative for imprisonment for a term of five years. The sentence imposed in Counts IV and XVI of this Indictment are to run concurrently with each other and concurrently with the sentences imposed in Counts I, II and III of this Indictment, the aforementioned.

It is further the judgment of this Court that the aforementioned sentences set forth above as to Counts I, II, III, IV and XVI of this Indictment--let me back up here for a minute.

It is further the judgment of the Court and sentence of the law that the Defendant, George Khoury, serve a special parole term of five years as to Count IV of this Indictment and this special parole term is to run consecutively to sentence imposed as to Counts I, II, III, IV and XVI of this Indictment.

It is further the judgment of the Court that the aforementioned sentences set forth above as to Counts I, II, III, IV and XVI of this Indictment and the special parole term as to Count IV of this Indictment are to run consecutively to the sentences imposed in Case Number 83-28-Criminal in the United States District Court in Puerto Rico.

Then the court added the following statement that is not contained in the written order:

It is the intention of this Court that the Defendant, George M. Khoury, serve a total term of imprisonment of ten years, and a special parole term of five years in addition to the sentence imposed in the United States District Court in Puerto Rico.

The court's statements as to counts 2 and 3, while not a model of clarity, are only internally consistent if construed to impose two terms of five years each, running consecutively to each other and to the five year term imposed on count 1, resulting in a total sentence of fifteen years imprisonment. The court, however, concluded with a statement of its intention to impose a sentence of ten years imprisonment. The written order of judgment and committal closely tracked the language of the oral sentence, but the order did not include a statement of the court's intention as to the total number of years of imprisonment.

Where there is a discrepancy between the orally imposed sentence and the written order of judgment and committal, the oral sentence controls. United States v. McDonald, 672 F.2d 864, 867 (11th Cir.1982) (per curiam) (rehearing and rehearing en banc denied); United States v. Kindrick, 576 F.2d 675, 676-77 (5th Cir.1978); Scott v. United States, 434 F.2d 11, 20 (5th Cir.1970); Cuozzo v. United States, 340 F.2d 303, 304 (5th Cir.1965) (per curiam); United States v. Villano, 816 F.2d 1448, 1450-51 (10th Cir.1987) (en banc); Schurmann v. United States, 658 F.2d 389, 391 (5th Cir. Unit A 1981); United States v. Lewis, 626 F.2d 940, 953 (D.C.Cir.1980).

If the oral sentence is ambiguous, then, in an attempt to discern the intent of the district court at the time it imposed sentence, the reviewing court may consider extrinsic evidence, including the commitment order. Villano, 816 F.2d at 1453. In In the instant case, pending appeal, the defendant brought the ambiguity of the orally imposed sentence to the attention of the district judge, arguing that the district court had clearly stated that its intention was to impose a ten year term of imprisonment. The defendant sought to have the alleged clerical error in the written order corrected to conform to the oral sentence. The oral sentence, however, contained more than the statement of the court's intention that the defendant serve ten years; it also laid out the sentence count-by-count for a 15 year total. The two portions of the oral sentence are in irreconcilable conflict. The district judge's own gloss on the count-by-count sentence was that his intention was to impose a ten year sentence. Nonetheless, in response to the defendant's later motion to correct the committal order, the district court ordered that the sentencing transcript be amended to read as follows: "It is the intention of this Court that the Defendant, George M. Khoury, serve a total term of imprisonment of fifteen (15) years."

                Lewis, the orally imposed sentence constituted the judgment, and the written order was considered "mere evidence" of the "authority for the execution of the court's sentence."    626 F.2d at 953.    In Kindrick, where there were two ambiguous oral statements by the district court in addition to a contradictory written order, this court noted that the touchstone was the intention of the district court:  "The district court is master of a sentence;  the district court's intention controls."    576 F.2d at 677 (emphasis in original)
                

Such an order was error and is without effect. This court received the transcript unchanged, and unchanged it shall remain. Amending the record of viva voce proceedings in the district court would undermine the legitimacy of appellate review, especially in regard to sentencing where...