U.S. v. Lopez-Gonzales, LOPEZ-GONZALE

• Decision Date: 28 September 1982
• Docket Number: D,LOPEZ-GONZALE,No. 81-1675,81-1675
• Citation: 688 F.2d 1275
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Juanefendant-Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

Page 1275

688 F.2d 1275

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Juan LOPEZ-GONZALES, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 81-1675.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Submitted May 28, 1982. ¹

Decided Sept. 28, 1982.

Judy Clarke, San Diego, Cal., on brief, for defendant-appellant.

Douglas R. Schwartz, Asst. U.S. Atty., on the brief; William H. Kennedy, U.S. Atty., San Diego, Cal., for plaintiff-appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of California.

Before FLETCHER, FERGUSON, and REINHARDT, Circuit Judges.

REINHARDT, Circuit Judge:

Appellant, Juan Lopez-Gonzales, appeals from the sentence imposed after his conviction for felony illegal entry in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1325 (1976). The issue on appeal is whether the trial court failed to exercise its discretion by mechanically imposing the maximum sentence.

On August 11, 1981, a border patrol agent observed an early model, heavily laden station wagon leaving Interstate 5 near Oceanside, California. Lopez-Gonzales, the driver, was the only visible person in the vehicle. When the agent pulled out behind the station wagon in a clearly marked border patrol vehicle, the station wagon accelerated rapidly and ran a traffic light. The agent turned on his red light and siren and followed the station wagon as it sped through a residential area at 45 m.p.h., and ran another traffic light and four stop signs. Lopez-Gonzales made a left turn, appeared to lose control of the station wagon, jumped out of the moving vehicle, and left it to roll to a stop at the curb. Lopez-Gonzales and several other illegal aliens, who had been concealed in the vehicle, were apprehended.

At the sentencing hearing which followed Lopez-Gonzales's bench trial and conviction, the trial court permitted Lopez-Gonzales to speak personally to the court and present any mitigating circumstances before sentence was pronounced. Lopez-Gonzales argued that his prior record was insignificant and that the circumstances of his case were different from those associated with the ordinary flight and pursuit scenario involving high speed dangerous chases. He expressed remorse for fleeing from the border patrol agent and stated that he had panicked and that no one was injured by his flight. He said that all he wanted to do was return to Mexico and live quietly with his family.

The record does not suggest that the district judge gave any consideration to the factors presented by Lopez-Gonzales or to any other individual circumstances relating to him. Instead, the court imposed the two-year maximum sentence, stating:

Well, I don't know how successful we're going to be in stopping these runnings, and I made my position very clear that in these cases where the defendant attempts to run and endangers the lives of not only those he's transporting but also the people of this country, the maximum sentence will be imposed, and that is the judgment and sentence of the court, that the defendant is hereby sentenced to the custody of the Attorney General or his authorized representative for a period of two years. That's all.

A sentencing judge has wide discretion in determining what sentence to impose. If the sentence is within statutory limits, it is generally not subject to review on appeal. United States v. Tucker, 404 U.S. 443, 447, 92 S.Ct. 589, 591, 30 L.Ed.2d 592 (1972); United States v. Wylie, 625 F.2d 1371, 1379 (9th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1080, 101 S.Ct. 863, 66 L.Ed.2d 804 (1981). However, the court's discretion must be actually exercised. Limited review is available when discretion is not exercised. Dorszynski v. United States, 418 U.S. 424, 443, 94 S.Ct. 3042, 3052, 41 L.Ed.2d 855 (1974).

The exercise of sound discretion requires consideration of all the circumstances of the crime; we no longer believe that every offense in a like legal category calls for an identical punishment. Williams v. New York, 337 U.S. 241, 247, 69 S.Ct. 1079, 1083, 93 L.Ed. 1337 (1949). Punishment should fit the offender and not merely the crime. Id. The sentencing judge is required to consider all mitigating and aggravating circumstances involved. Williams v. Oklahoma, 358 U.S. 576, 585, 79 S.Ct. 421, 426, 3 L.Ed.2d 516 (1959); United States v. Vega-Mejia, 611 F.2d 751, 753 (9th Cir. 1979) (per curiam). There is a strong public interest in the imposition of a sentence based upon an accurate evaluation of the particular offender and designed to aid in his personal rehabilitation. Verdugo v. United States, 402 F.2d 599, 611 (9th Cir. 1968). Thus, appellate courts have vacated sentences reflecting a preconceived policy always to impose the maximum penalty for a certain crime. See, e.g., United States v. Clements, 634 F.2d 183, 187 (5th Cir. 1981) (no indication that judge considered any mitigating or aggravating...