U.S. v. Lovelace, 81-2879
| Citation | 683 F.2d 248 |
| Decision Date | 23 July 1982 |
| Docket Number | No. 81-2879,81-2879 |
| Parties | UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Eldridge LOVELACE, Defendant-Appellant. |
| Court | United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (7th Circuit) |
William D. O'Neal, Harvey, Ill., for defendant-appellant.
Maureen DeMaio, Asst. U. S. Atty., Chicago, Ill., for plaintiff-appellee.
Before PELL and COFFEY, Circuit Judges, and EAST, Senior District Judge. *
At issue in this appeal is whether the district judge abused his discretion in denying defendant Lovelace's motion to withdraw his guilty plea. The appellant argues that no factual basis existed for the guilty plea and that he did not comprehend the consequences of his plea at the time it was entered.
Lovelace was indicted on five counts of fraud. Counts I, II, and III referred to allegedly false statements made by the defendant in three Veteran's Administration (VA) Applications for Home Loan Guarantees. Count IV charged that Lovelace made false statements in a bankruptcy petition and count V charged fraud in connection with a VA Credit Statement. The defendant originally pleaded not guilty.
On June 29, 1981, Lovelace appeared with counsel. He attempted to withdraw his plea of not guilty and to enter instead a plea of nolo contendere. The trial judge refused to accept this plea and defense counsel, in the presence of the defendant, entered a plea of guilty. Before the court accepted the guilty plea, the judge held a lengthy discussion with the defendant. In addition to attempting to ascertain whether Lovelace was aware of the waivers inherent in a guilty plea, the court directly questioned the defendant as to his guilt or innocence. At several points, Lovelace's testimony suggested either a lack of knowledge and/or a lack of willfulness as to the false statements. The judge pursued these indications that the defendant might not be guilty as charged. Lovelace, however, stated in response to direct questioning that he had acted both willfully and knowingly. Throughout the exchange, which covers approximately thirty-two pages of transcript, the defendant repeatedly said, "I am pleading guilty."
Counsel for Lovelace had stated early in the proceeding that the defendant was diabetic. Before accepting the plea, the trial judge asked whether the insulin Lovelace was taking had any effect on his "judgment or (his) mental processes or anything of that kind?" Lovelace responded, "I do not think so," and reiterated his plea of guilty to counts I, II, III, and V. 1 The court set the date of August 21, 1981, for return of the presentence investigation.
On August 21, 1981, defense counsel moved to vacate the guilty plea. A hearing was subsequently held. In the course of this hearing, Lovelace testified that he had neither eaten on the day he pleaded guilty nor taken his insulin for two days. The defendant stated that he had not understood what was taking place at the June 29th proceeding.
A medical doctor who had treated Lovelace, Dr. Nittor Jayaram, testified, in response to hypothetical questions, that an insulin-dependent diabetic who had neither eaten nor taken medication within a twenty-four hour period could possibly become disoriented and that laymen would recognize the symptoms only if they noticed the confusion. Dr. Jayaram also testified that if the defendant's blood sugar level had dropped low enough, he might not have been able to stand on his feet and respond to questions for half an hour.
Dr. Thomas Ciatteo, a psychiatrist and expert on insulin shock treatment, testified for the Government. He stated that a diabetic who neither ate nor took insulin would not suffer so severe a disorientation that he could not understand and respond intelligently to questions. He further stated that if disorientation occurred, it would be obvious to a layman.
Following this hearing, the court denied Lovelace's motion to withdraw his plea. On November 13, 1981, the court sentenced Lovelace to four concurrent terms of five years probation on each count and fined him $20,000.
Before turning to the merits of this appeal, we address a belated attempt by the defendant to change counsel. This appeal was argued on the morning of June 11, 1981, and the case was taken under advisement by the court at the conclusion of argument. That afternoon, a Mailgram, reading as follows, was received by the Clerk of the Court.
Dear Sir:
I am writing to inform you I will be unable to appear for oral argument on June 11, 1982. File number 81-2879. Case # 80-CR209. My new attorney representing me in this case is Nicholas M. Spina, 221 North LaSalle. Telephone 2368443.
Sincerely yours,
Eldridge Lovelace
14459 South Peoria
The docket sheet pertaining to this appeal indicates that Nicholas Spina never filed an appearance before this court. Further, Rule 14(e) of the Circuit Rules of this court states that "(a)ny request for waiver or postponement of a scheduled oral argument must be made by formal motion, with proof of service on all other counsel or parties." No such formal motion was made by or on behalf of Lovelace. Prior to receipt of the above-quoted Mailgram, the court had no notification from Lovelace that he intended to change or had already changed counsel. The attorney who argued for Lovelace did state at the beginning of his argument that he had not originally planned to appear on behalf of the appellant because he believed Lovelace had obtained a new lawyer.
Whatever the intentions of Lovelace, they were not made known to the court in proper and timely fashion. Mr. O'Neal did appear on Lovelace's behalf and indicated that he was prepared to argue the case. He did so in competent manner. We decline to recognize this belated effort on the appellant's part to postpone the argument in this case. The judicial system is no place for the sport of obstruent gamesmanship. We therefore turn to the merits of the appeal.
Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure requires that, before a plea of guilty is accepted, the court must determine that a factual basis for the plea exists. It is not necessary, however, that the defendant state in his own words the factual basis....
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