U.S. v. Mastrandrea

• Decision Date: 11 February 1991
• Docket Number: No. 90-5332,90-5332
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Kenneth R. MASTRANDREA, Appellant. . Submitted:
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

Page 1291

942 F.2d 1291

UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Kenneth R. MASTRANDREA, Appellant.

No. 90-5332.

United States Court of Appeals,

Eighth Circuit.

Submitted: Feb. 11, 1991.

Decided Aug. 26, 1991.

Rehearing and Rehearing En Banc Denied Oct. 4, 1991.

Douglas W. Thomson, argued (Douglas W. Thomson and Deborah K. Ellis, on brief), St. Paul, Minn., for appellant.

Jeffrey S. Paulsen, argued (Jerome G. Arnold and Jeffrey S. Paulsen, on brief), Minneapolis, Minn., for appellee.

Before MAGILL, BEAM and LOKEN, Circuit Judges.

BEAM, Circuit Judge.

Kenneth R. Mastrandrea was convicted, following a jury trial, on eight counts of interstate transportation of stolen property. See 18 U.S.C. § 2314 (1988). On appeal, he argues that the district court ¹ erred in not granting his motion for acquittal because the government failed to prove all the elements of the offenses. He also contends that the indictment was vague and failed to give him adequate notice of the charges against him. We affirm.

Mastrandrea does not dispute the underlying facts and only a brief recitation is necessary. Mastrandrea was president of Firstours, Inc., a wholesale travel agency. In this capacity, he obtained company funds to which he was not entitled either by writing company checks to himself or by directing others to do so. He then deposited the checks, which were drawn on banks in California and Illinois, in his Minnesota bank account. To conceal the misappropriation, he directed Firstours's bookkeeper to falsify company records.

The grand jury returned an indictment alleging generally that Mastrandrea devised a scheme and artifice to defraud his employer of money by, inter alia, drafting company checks without authority and depositing them in his personal bank account. Each count of the indictment on which Mastrandrea was convicted realleges the general allegations and alleges a specific check number and amount of money. ² For example, Count IV alleges:

On or about January 10, 1986, in the State and District of Minnesota and elsewhere, the defendants,

KENNETH R. MASTRANDREA and

MILTON H. SARGENT,

each aiding and abetting the other, for the purpose of executing the aforesaid scheme and artifice to defraud, did knowingly cause to be transported in interstate commerce, through normal banking channels, Firstours' check number 22194 in the amount of $5,000, drawn on the Security Pacific National Bank of Los Angeles, California, which check was deposited in an account in the name of Kenneth R. Mastrandrea at the Norwest Bank Metrowest, Hopkins, Minnesota, all in violation of Title 18, United States Code, Sections 2314 and 2.

Designated Record at 7.

Mastrandrea contends that the indictment led him to believe that he had been charged under the second paragraph of section 2314, ³ which he argues requires proof that the transportation in interstate commerce was necessary to a scheme to defraud. He bases this argument on the indictment's use of the words "for the purpose of executing the aforesaid scheme and artifice to defraud, did knowingly cause to be transported in interstate commerce." In rejecting this argument, the district court denied Mastrandrea's motion for acquittal at the close of the government's case and refused to instruct the jury as he requested. On appeal, Mastrandrea contends that the indictment failed to give him adequate notice of the charges against him so that he could prepare his defense. The government disagrees and argues that he was indicted under the first paragraph of section 2314 and that the extra language was merely surplusage.

The Supreme Court has held that independent and unnecessary allegations in an indictment may be ignored and do not constitute an amendment rendering the indictment void. United States v. Miller, 471 U.S. 130, 144, 105 S.Ct. 1811, 1819, 85 L.Ed.2d 99 (1985). An indictment is considered sufficient if "it fairly informs the accused of the charges against him and allows him to plead double jeopardy as a bar to future prosecution." United States v. Helmel, 769 F.2d 1306, 1322 (8th Cir.1985) (citing Hamling v. United States, 418 U.S. 87, 117, 94 S.Ct. 2887, 2907, 41 L.Ed.2d 590 (1974)). Allegations in an indictment that are not necessary to establish a violation of the statute in issue are mere surplusage and may be disregarded if the remaining allegations are sufficient to charge a crime. United States v. Mohr, 728 F.2d 1132, 1134 (8th Cir.) (in prosecution for misapplication of bank funds, allegation that making loan was concealed from directors by false and misleading reports was mere surplusage and was disregarded), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 843, 105 S.Ct. 148, 83 L.Ed.2d 87 (1984); United States v. Holmes, 594 F.2d 1167, 1173 (8th Cir.) (in prosecution for being felon in possession of a firearm, allegation that firearm was knowingly received in violation of the law was mere surplusage and no error in refusing to instruct jury that specific intent required), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 873, 100 S.Ct. 154, 62 L.Ed.2d 100 (1979). We believe that any unnecessary allegations in the Mastrandrea indictment were mere surplusage.

Mastrandrea argues, however, that the additional allegations prevented him from preparing his defense because he was misled as to the necessary elements of the offense. ⁴ That is, the focus of his defense was that the fraud ended when he deposited the checks in his account, and the subsequent interstate transportation was not for the purpose of executing a scheme to defraud. In United States v. Kibby, 848 F.2d 920, 923 (8th Cir.1988), this court held that the interstate commerce requirement is jurisdictional only. Thus, for the purposes of section 2314, the jury did not...