U.S. v. Morse

• Citation: 532 F.3d 1130
• Decision Date: 30 June 2008
• Docket Number: No. 08-10283 Non-Argument Calendar.,08-10283 Non-Argument Calendar.
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Petitioner-Appellee, v. Robert S. MORSE, Respondent-Appellant.
• Court: United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (11th Circuit)

532 F.3d 1130

UNITED STATES of America, Petitioner-Appellee, v. Robert S. MORSE, Respondent-Appellant.

No. 08-10283 Non-Argument Calendar.

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.

June 30, 2008.

Robert S. Morse, Pt. Charlotte, FL, pro se.

Patricia M. Bowman, Robert W. Metzler, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Tax Div., App. Section, Washington, DC, for U.S.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida.

Before CARNES, BARKETT and PRYOR, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

Robert S. Morse, a taxpayer proceeding pro se, appeals the district court's grant of a petition to enforce an IRS summons pursuant to 26 U.S.C. §§ 7402(b) and 7604(a). Morse contends that the district court erred in granting the government's petition to enforce an IRS summons to provide testimony and produce documents in order to assess his tax liability. The government responds that Morse's arguments are frivolous and seeks to impose sanctions on Morse.

I.

Morse contends that the district court clearly erred by granting the government's petition to enforce an IRS summons. He argues that the IRS did not have a legitimate purpose in seeking the summons and that the IRS was without authority to seek to enforce the summons because the authority only extended to investigations where the taxpayer failed to file a tax return. "An order enforcing an IRS summons will not be reversed unless clearly erroneous." United States v. Medlin, 986 F.2d 463, 466 (11th Cir.1993).

Under the Sixteenth Amendment, "Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several states, and without regard to any census or enumeration." U.S. Const. Amend. XVI. The IRS is charged with administering and enforcing Congress' power to lay and collect taxes, including on income from whatever source derived. Madison v. United States, 758 F.2d 573, 574 (11th Cir.1985).

The IRS is authorized to issue a summons for the purpose of "ascertaining the correctness of any return, making a return where none has been made, determining the liability of any person for any internal revenue tax ..., or collecting any such liability." 26 U.S.C. § 7602(a). A summons may be issued to take any testimony of the person concerned and to summon the person liable for the tax to produce books, papers, records, or other data that may be relevant to the inquiry. Id. § 7602(a)(2). No agency summons may be issued if there is a Justice Department referral in effect with respect to the person involved. Id. § 7602(d)(1).

In order to succeed in enforcing a summons, the IRS must show four elements: "that the investigation will be conducted pursuant to a legitimate purpose, that the inquiry may be relevant to the purpose, that the information sought is not already within the [IRS's] possession, and that the administrative steps required by the Code have been followed." United States v. Powell, 379 U.S. 48, 57-58, 85 S.Ct. 248, 255, 13 L.Ed.2d 112 (1964). The IRS may satisfy its minimal burden by presenting the sworn affidavit of the agent who issued the summons attesting to these facts. Medlin, 986 F.2d at 466.

Once the showing required by Powell is made, "the burden shifts to the party contesting the summons to disprove one of the four elements of the government's prima facie showing or convince the court that enforcement of the summons would constitute an abuse of the court's process." La Mura v. United States, 765 F.2d 974, 979-80 (11th Cir. 1985). The taxpayer does not meet his burden by contesting the underlying validity of the assessment because the validity of the assessment may not be challenged in a summons enforcement proceeding. United States v. Harper, 662 F.2d 335, 336 (5th Cir. Unit B Nov.1981).¹

Revenue Officer C. Lewis stated in her declaration that: (1) she is investigating the collection of Morse's tax liabilities for the years 1996, 1997, and 1998, which is a proper purpose for issuing the summons, and that the summons material may be relevant to the investigation; (2) the summoned materials are not already in the possession of the IRS; (3) all administrative steps required for the issuance of the summons have been followed; and (4) no Justice Department referral is in effect for Morse. This declaration is sufficient to make out a prima facie case for enforcing the summons. See Powell, 379 U.S. at 57-58, 85 S.Ct. at 255; Medlin, 986 F.2d at 466. Morse's challenge to the underlying tax liability is not sufficient to rebut the government's prima facie case, see Harper, 662 F.2d at 336, so he has failed to establish that the petition should be denied. Accordingly, we affirm.

II.

The government has moved for sanctions against Morse for maintaining a frivolous appeal, contending that the issues raised by Morse on appeal are frivolous and that he had been warned about raising them. Before the district court and again on appeal, Morse has contended that the IRS lacked authority to issue the summons on the ground that he is not a taxpayer and his income, which was derived from employment in the private sector, is not subject to federal taxation. In its amended order enforcing the summons, the district court warned Morse that his arguments that the IRS lacked power to issue a summons and to investigate him were "utterly without merit," and this Court has long held that this type of argument is frivolous, see Madison, 758 F.2d at 574 ("The assertion that the Treasury Department and Internal Revenue Service have no power over this appellant and this...