U.S. v. Mullins, 81-5305

• Decision Date: 27 January 1983
• Docket Number: No. 81-5305,81-5305
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. John Wyatt MULLINS, Jr., Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fourth Circuit

Page 686

698 F.2d 686

UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. John Wyatt MULLINS, Jr., Appellant.

No. 81-5305.

United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.

Argued Nov. 10, 1982.

Decided Jan. 27, 1983.

Harwell M. Darby, Jr., Roanoke, Va. (Eggleston, Glenn & Feldmann, Roanoke, Va., on brief), for appellant.

Thomas J. Bondurant, Asst. U.S. Atty., Roanoke, Va., Bonnie L. Paul, Third Year Law Student (John P. Alderman, U.S. Atty., Jean B. Weld, Asst. U.S. Atty., Roanoke, Va., on brief), for appellee.

Before HALL and ERVIN, Circuit Judges, and HAYNSWORTH, Senior Circuit Judge.

HAYNSWORTH, Senior Circuit Judge:

Mullins, a convicted felon, was convicted of possession of a Rossi .38 caliber revolver and of a second count of possession of an Eibar .38 caliber revolver, each in violation of 18 U.S.C.App. Sec. 1202(a). Consecutive sentences of two years' imprisonment were imposed.

Each of the guns was seized during a search of a room occupied by Mullins as his bedroom. One of them was in a cardboard box atop a refrigerator, while the other was between two mattresses on a bed. The question presented is whether it was proper for the district judge to impose consecutive sentences when the guns were discovered and seized in the same room during the same search.

I.

The general rule is that when a convicted felon acquires two or more firearms in one transaction and stores and possesses them together, he commits only one offense under Sec. 1202(a)(1). United States v. Bullock, 615 F.2d 1082 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 957, 101 S.Ct. 367, 66 L.Ed.2d 223 (1980); United States v. Rosenbarger, 536 F.2d 715 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 431 U.S. 965, 97 S.Ct. 2920, 53 L.Ed.2d 1060 (1976); United States v. Calhoun, 510 F.2d 861 (7th Cir.) cert. denied, 421 U.S. 950, 95 S.Ct. 1683, 44 L.Ed.2d 84 (1975). If no more appears than that the defendant was in possession of the several firearms at the same place and moment before their seizure, it is impermissible for a fact-finder to speculate that they may have been acquired in separate transactions or separately stored or treated. If it can be shown, however, that the seized weapons were acquired at different times and places, multiple prosecutions and consecutive sentences are permissible notwithstanding seizure at the same time and place. United States v. Wiga, 662 F.2d 1325 (9th Cir.1981), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 102 S.Ct. 1775, 72 L.Ed.2d 178; United States v. Bullock, supra; United States v. Killebrew, 560 F.2d 729 (6th Cir.1977).

II.

There was no direct evidence that Mullins initially acquired the two weapons in separate transactions, but there was substantial testimony that his possessions of them were separate in use.

Mullins ran an illegal establishment where hard liquor was sold. For a time at least, he owned a second such establishment some distance away, which was generally operated by an employee named Woody. Woody testified that Mullins gave him the Eibar for protection of himself and the business at the second establishment. He kept the Eibar for some five or six months, after which he returned it to Mullins. He also testified that he had seen the Rossi in the handbag of defendant's wife, Maria Mullins. That testimony was confirmed by Maria, who had seen Woody carrying the Eibar. According to her, she would drive her husband to and from Axton when he visited the second establishment, and on those occasions she would carry the Rossi in her handbag. She returned the handgun to Mullins after the termination of each such trip.

III.

Although the two guns were seized together, logic and the scheme of Sec. 1202(a) strongly suggest that his acts of...