U.S. v. Reece, 76-1672
| Decision Date | 12 January 1977 |
| Docket Number | No. 76-1672,76-1672 |
| Citation | 547 F.2d 432 |
| Parties | 1 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 612 UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Roy REECE, Jr., Appellant. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit |
William C. McArthur, Little Rock, Ark., filed brief for appellant.
W. H. Dillahunty, U. S. Atty., and Fletcher Jackson, Asst. U. S. Atty., Little Rock, Ark., filed brief for appellee.
Before LAY, BRIGHT and WEBSTER, Circuit Judges.
Roy Reece, Jr. appeals his conviction on all counts of an eleven-count indictment charging him with possession of checks stolen from the mail, forgery, and uttering and publishing checks with forged endorsements. Six of the eleven counts stemmed from charges that Reece possessed two United States Government Treasury checks which were stolen from the mail, and that he forged the payees' endorsements and cashed the checks. The remaining five counts consisted of allegations that Reece possessed five checks issued by the State of Arkansas which were stolen from the mail. The district court imposed concurrent sentences of two years' imprisonment followed by two years of probation on some of the counts arising from the United States Treasury check transactions. On the five counts resting on Reece's possession of Arkansas checks, the district court similarly imposed concurrent sentences of two years' imprisonment and two years of probation. Thus, the total sentence imposed amounts to two years' imprisonment plus two years of probation. We affirm the conviction on charges based on Reece's possession, forgery, and uttering of the federal checks (counts 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, and 11), but reverse on the counts relating to Reece's possession of Arkansas state checks allegedly stolen from the mails (counts 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7).
In this appeal appellant Reece contends that his conviction on the two counts relating to unlawful possession of the two United States Treasury checks must fall because the Government failed to prove the checks were stolen from the mail. Reece also contests his conviction on the five counts relating to the Arkansas checks, charging that the prosecution failed to establish these checks had been mailed and therefore failed to support the allegation that Reece possessed stolen mail. Reece next argues that a prejudicial variance existed between the indictment and the proof on one count (count 5). He additionally challenges the admissibility of certain evidence submitted by the prosecution to support the conviction on all of the counts.
The prosecution introduced evidence that on September 28, 1974, United States Treasury check, No. 33357704, in the sum of $70.65, was mailed to Mary Paradise of Little Rock, Arkansas, and that a second Treasury check, No. 86829487, in the amount of $160.50, was mailed on the same date to Margaret S. Hampel of Little Rock, Arkansas. These checks were dated October 1, 1974. The payees never received the checks, but the checks were cashed at the First National Bank of Little Rock, Arkansas, on forged endorsements of the payees. The prosecution established that appellant Reece had in fact cashed the checks and that his handwriting matched the forged endorsements. Over the objection of the appellant, the Government presented the testimony of a confederate of Reece's, Brenda Johnson, who stated that between July 1974, and the date of her arrest, January 7, 1975, she, Reece, and a third person stole government checks from various mailboxes, cashed those checks, and thereafter split the proceeds.
We have examined the record relating to appellant's conviction on the counts relating to his possession and cashing of the two United States Treasury checks. The Government's evidence established that the checks had been stolen from the mail. It introduced proof of mailing of those Treasury checks and proved that the payees did not receive them in the mail. Testimony of Brenda Johnson indicated that, when Reece possessed these checks, he knew they had been stolen from the mails. Other testimony established that Reece in fact possessed the checks, forged the endorsements on the checks, and presented them to the First National Bank in Little Rock, Arkansas, in order to cash them. Thus, the Government established beyond any reasonable doubt that Reece unlawfully possessed stolen mail in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1708; see Blue v. United States, 528 F.2d 892 (8th Cir. 1976); United States v. Patterson, 477 F.2d 558, 559 (8th Cir. 1973); and United States v. Mooney, 417 F.2d 936, 938 (8th Cir. 1969), cert. denied, 397 U.S. 1029, 90 S.Ct. 1280, 25 L.Ed.2d 541 (1970); that Reece forged endorsements on these two checks in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 495, and that he uttered and published as true forged checks with intent to defraud the United States, also in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 495.
The appellant's objection to the testimony of Brenda Johnson is without merit. The district court admitted this testimony for the limited purpose of showing Reece's knowledge that the checks had been stolen. That testimony was admissible under Federal Rule of Evidence 404(b) to show knowledge, plan, and a common pattern of conduct.
Reece's challenge to expert testimony identifying Reece's handwriting on the checks and identifying Reece's fingerprints and palm prints on the Arkansas checks also lacks merit. Initially, a government handwriting expert other than the witness at trial had compared Reece's handwriting and fingerprints with the handwriting and fingerprints which appeared on various checks, but that person did not testify. The witness, John L. Melcoch, a document examiner for the Postal Inspection Service, upon subsequent examination at the time of trial, reached an independent opinion which linked appellant to the checks in question. He based his opinions upon trial exhibits which he personally examined. The jury heard his testimony without objection and the motion to strike thereafter made by counsel was overruled by the district court. The record reveals no error, as the opinions expressed rested upon an adequate factual basis and personal knowledge.
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