U.S. v. Simmons, 83-2051

• Decision Date: 06 September 1983
• Docket Number: No. 83-2051,83-2051
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. John Allen SIMMONS, Jr., Defendant-Appellant. Summary Calendar.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit

Page 29

714 F.2d 29

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. John Allen SIMMONS, Jr., Defendant-Appellant.

No. 83-2051

Summary Calendar.

United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.

Sept. 6, 1983.

Patrick L. McGuire, Corpus Christi, Tex., for defendant-appellant.

James R. Gough, Asst. U.S. Atty., Houston, Tex., for plaintiff-appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas.

Before BROWN, REAVLEY and JOLLY, Circuit Judges.

JOHN R. BROWN, Circuit Judge:

Appellant was convicted on April 20, 1981 of conspiracy to possess marijuana with intent to distribute (in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846) and of possession of 102 pounds of marijuana with intent to distribute (in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)). This Court summarily affirmed the conviction in October, 1982. United States v. Simmons, 690 F.2d 903 (5th Cir.1982). Rehearing was denied in November, 1982. The following month, appellant claimed to discover new evidence, and he therefore filed a motion in district court for new trial pursuant to F.R.Crim.P. 33. The district court denied the motion. Appellant now brings this appeal, arguing that the district court abused its discretion by denying the motion and by denying appellant an evidentiary hearing.

A motion for a new trial can ordinarily be ruled upon without conducting an evidentiary hearing. See, e.g., United States v. Metz, 652 F.2d 478, 481 (5th Cir.1981); United States v. Hamilton, 559 F.2d 1370, 1373 (5th Cir.1977); United States v. Curry, 497 F.2d 99 (5th Cir.1974), cert. denied Y419 U.S. 1035, 95 S.Ct. 519, 42 L.Ed.2d 311 (1974). In this case in particular, an evidentiary hearing was patently unnecessary. The only "new" evidence was a letter written by the appellant's son, "Bubba," who had previously been convicted on possession charges in the same marijuana scheme. ¹ The letter was attached to the motion for a new trial, and we are confident that the district court could read and consider the "new" evidence without holding an evidentiary hearing to do so.

After reading the letter, the district court denied the appellant's motion. District judges have considerable discretion with respect to Rule 33 motions. United States v. Riley, 544 F.2d 237 (5th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 932, 97 S.Ct. 1554, 51 L.Ed.2d 777 (1977); Hudson v. United States, 387 F.2d 331 (5th Cir.1967), cert. denied, 393 U.S. 876, 89 S.Ct. 172, 21 L.Ed.2d 147 (1968). Accordingly, denials of such motions will be reversed only where " 'the ruling was so clearly erroneous as to constitute an abuse of discretion.' " Metz, 652 F.2d at 479, quoting United States v. Antone, 603 F.2d 566, 568 (5th Cir.1978).

Before a movant can prevail on a motion for a new trial, he must show each of the following: (i) that the evidence is in fact newly discovered and was unknown to the defendant at the time of the trial; (ii) that the evidence is material; (iii) that the evidence would probably produce a different result at a new trial; and (iv) that failure to learn of the evidence at an earlier date was not due to a lack of diligence on the part of the defendant. United States v. Mack, 695 F.2d 820, 822 (5th Cir.1983); Antone, 603 F.2d at 568-69; United States v. Rodriguez, 437 F.2d 940, 941 (5th Cir.1971).

The single letter written by the appellant's son must, therefore, satisfy all of the Rodriguez criteria. The district court found that it did not. First, the court observed that the appellant did not allege that he had exercised the requisite due diligence; second, the court acknowledged that the letter would serve only to impeach a government witness; finally and most importantly, the court pointed out that the evidence would not be likely to lead to an acquittal at a new trial. Because we agree that the letter would not be likely to produce a different outcome, and because the trial judge was entitled to be especially wary of the source of the evidence, we affirm.

"Bubba" Simmons, the author of the letter, has already served his sentence for possession. He has, then, very little to lose by writing a letter which seeks to exonerate his father. The trial judge here, like the district court in La Duca, could well "... view with some skepticism a motion for a new trial based on 'newly discovered evidence' which exists only because a convicted defendant ... comes forward later with an affidavit in which he states that he is [now] prepared to exculpate his co-defendant. Such a claim is inherently suspect." United States v. La Duca, 447 F.Supp. 779, 782, (D.C.N.J.1978), aff'd, 587 F.2d 144 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 440 U.S. 972, 99 S.Ct. 1537, 59 L.Ed.2d 789 (1978). We are mindful of that district court's admonition that once sentence has been imposed on a co-defendant, "... there is very little to deter the co-defendant from untruthfully swearing out an affidavit in which he purports to shoulder the entire blame." La Duca, supra, at 783.

If the co-defendant in La Duca had little to lose, Bubba has even less since his statement is not even sworn. Consequently, it would be necessary for the appellant to call upon Bubba to testify at any new trial, but there has been no assurance made...