U.S. v. Van Bryson

• Citation: 485 F.3d 1205
• Decision Date: 15 May 2007
• Docket Number: No. 05-3212.,05-3212.
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Appellee v. Rick VAN BRYSON, Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — District of Columbia Circuit

485 F.3d 1205

UNITED STATES of America, Appellee v. Rick VAN BRYSON, Appellant.

No. 05-3212.

United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit.

May 15, 2007.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (No. 05cr00175-01).

Jon S. Pascale, appointed by the court, was on the brief for appellant.

Jeffrey A. Taylor, U.S. Attorney, and Roy W. McLeese, III, Mary B. McCord, and B. Patrick Costello, Jr. were on the brief for appellee.

Before: ROGERS, GRIFFITH and KAVANAUGH, Circuit Judges.

Opinion for the Court filed by Circuit Judge KAVANAUGH.

KAVANAUGH, Circuit Judge.

Bryson pleaded guilty to defrauding Medicare. As part of his sentence, the District Court ordered him to pay restitution of $30,338.90 to the Government. Bryson challenges the District Court's method of calculating the restitution amount. We affirm.

I

For several years, Bryson, a podiatrist, submitted fraudulent reimbursement claims to Medicare. On multiple occasions, he represented to Medicare that he had performed a reimbursable medical procedure; in fact, he had performed only routine, non-reimbursable services such as clipping toenails, removing corns, and applying topical medication. On August 17, 2005, Bryson pleaded guilty to one count of making false statements to Medicare. See 18 U.S.C. §§ 2, 1035. As part of the plea, he admitted to perpetrating a fraudulent reimbursement scheme from 1998 until 2001, and he identified seven patients for whom he submitted false information to Medicare. At the sentencing hearing, the District Court heard extensive testimony on the amount of loss caused by Bryson's scheme. The court sentenced Bryson to three years of probation and ordered him to pay restitution of $30,338.90 to the Medicare Fraud Unit. On appeal, Bryson challenges that restitution figure.

In its initial sentencing submission to the District Court, the Government proposed a restitution figure of $37,417.34. The Government explained that this amount was calculated based on four investigative sources: (1) the false claims filed by Bryson on behalf of the seven patients named in the plea documents; (2) a review of Bryson's files by an expert podiatrist, Paul Kinberg, which revealed information that was inconsistent with Bryson's representations to Medicare; (3) a tally of claims submitted to Medicare for which Bryson had insufficient, incomplete, or inconsistent notes, despite the Medicare requirement that physicians document treatment for which they seek reimbursement; and (4) surveys and interviews of former patients about what kind of medical treatment they received from Bryson. After its initial submission, the Government slightly lowered its figure to $37,132.61, explaining that the initial calculation had included restitution for conduct that occurred outside of the time period covered by Bryson's guilty plea. The Government also took pains to ensure that a patient included in multiple components was not double-counted; for example, a patient who indicated on a survey that he had received no treatment and who also was not mentioned in any notes in the patient's file was counted only once.

Bryson argued that the Government substantially overstated the amount of restitution. In his view, the proper figure was $20,050.40. This was allegedly an estimate that a prior prosecutor had suggested to Bryson at some earlier date.

During Bryson's sentencing hearing, Bryson and the Government called witnesses to justify their respective restitution figures. Bryson called two former patients, both in their 80s, to show that at least some of the interviews and surveys cited by the Government had not occurred. The first witness, Martha Feggins, testified that she had never completed a survey or been interviewed by government agents (although she repeatedly became confused on the witness stand and gave contradictory answers at different times during her testimony). The second witness, Hope Settles, testified that government agents had not interviewed her son (also one of Bryson's patients), as the Government had claimed.

The Government called Jason Marrero, a special agent with the Department of Health and Human Services who had investigated Bryson. Agent Marrero presented documentation showing that he had interviewed both Feggins and Settles's son in connection with his investigation. Agent Marrero also detailed the steps he had taken in his investigation of Bryson, which included reviewing Bryson's medical records, employing podiatrists to examine both Bryson's records and the physical condition of his patients, interviewing Bryson's patients, and sending surveys to Bryson's patients.

Agent Marrero explained the method he used for calculating the loss to Medicare attributable to Bryson's fraud. He clarified that the four-component approach initially described by the Government was in fact a three-component approach: The first component (fraudulent claims in connection with the seven patients named in the plea documents) was actually just a subset of the fourth component (interviews and surveys of all patients). Thus, the three components included in Marrero's final figure were: (1) Kinberg's review of Bryson's files; (2) the government review of Bryson's "no notes" files; and (3) patient surveys and interviews. During his testimony, Marrero re-calculated the appropriate restitution amount for the period from January 1998 to September 2001 and reached the same figure that the Government had stated in its revised submission (apart from a $100 reduction caused by a double-counting error). Agent Marrero also testified that the loss attributable to Bryson's entire scheme through April 2002 was $48,285.39.

The District Court then computed a final restitution amount. First, the court concluded that the time period for which Bryson should pay restitution was January 1998 to April 2002, even though Bryson had pleaded guilty to submitting fraudulent claims only through September 2001. The court explained that the Guidelines require the sentencing judge to consider all relevant conduct, and it was therefore appropriate to award restitution for Bryson's conduct "before and after [the] time period [pled to] and [which] is related and connected to the scheme that was pled to." Tr. of Dec. 15, 2005, Hr'g at 160. As Agent Marrero had testified, the restitution over this period was $48,285.39. Second, the court concluded that although the interviews of patients were reliable, the surveys "pose problems in that they do not provide the . . . same opportunity for the face-to-face discussion between the patient and the agent." Id. at 164. The court therefore subtracted the amount...