U.S. v. Vernon Home Health, Inc.

• Decision Date: 01 June 1994
• Docket Number: No. 93-4621,93-4621
• Citation: 21 F.3d 693
• Parties: , 44 Soc.Sec.Rep.Ser. 234, Medicare&Medicaid Guide P 42,424 UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. VERNON HOME HEALTH, INC., et al., Defendants, Vernon Home Health Care Agency, Inc., Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit

Page 693

21 F.3d 693

62 USLW 2765, 44 Soc.Sec.Rep.Ser. 234,

Medicare&Medicaid Guide P 42,424

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. VERNON HOME HEALTH, INC., et al., Defendants Vernon Home Health Care Agency, Inc., Defendant-Appellant.

No. 93-4621.

United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit.

June 1, 1994.

Cecil S. Mathis, Dallas, TX, for appellant.

Marquerite Lokey, Asst. Regional Counsel, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Dallas, TX, Bob Wortham, U.S. Atty., Randi Russell, Asst. U.S. Atty., Tyler, TX, for appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas.

Before KING and SMITH, Circuit Judges, and KAZEN, ^* District Judge.

JERRY E. SMITH, Circuit Judge:

Vernon Home Health Care Agency, Inc. ("Vernon II"), a purchaser of the corporate assets of a medicare provider, Vernon Home Health, Inc. ("Vernon I"), appeals a summary judgment in favor of the government for repayment of medicare overpayments made to Vernon I. Finding that the Social Security Act and federal regulations preempt state corporate law in this regard, we affirm.

I.

In March 1985, Vernon I, a Texas non-profit corporation, sold its assets to Vernon II, a Texas corporation. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, Vernon II paid $23,051.96 for the assets of Vernon I and assumed no liabilities.

Vernon II provides home health care to Medicare patients. Pursuant to the provisions of Medicare, a provider number is assigned to each participant in the Medicare programs. Vernon I held Provider No. 45-7124, which was automatically transferred to Vernon II in October 1985.

The government filed a civil action in federal court alleging Medicare overpayments to Vernon I in the amount of $30,072.08 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1984. The district court granted summary judgment, finding Vernon II jointly and severally liable with Vernon I for the overpayments.

II.

A.

We review a grant of summary judgment de novo. Hanks v. Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corp., 953 F.2d 996, 997 (5th Cir.1992). Summary judgment is appropriate "if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law." FED.R.CIV.P. 56(c). The party seeking summary judgment carries the burden of demonstrating that there is an absence of evidence to support the non-moving party's case. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 325, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 2554, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). After a proper motion for summary judgment is made, the non-movant must set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial. Hanks, 953 F.2d at 997.

We begin our determination by consulting the applicable substantive law to determine what facts and issues are material. King v. Chide, 974 F.2d 653, 655-56 (5th Cir.1992). We then review the evidence relating to those issues, viewing the facts and inferences in the light most favorable to the non-movant. Id. If the non-movant sets forth specific facts in support of allegations essential to his claim, a genuine issue is presented. Celotex, 477 U.S. at 327, 106 S.Ct. at 2555.

Both the government and Vernon II filed affidavits of expert witnesses. John Singer, Vernon II's expert witness, stated that he did not know of any policy that would obligate the purchaser of assets of a provider for overpayments made to the prior provider. He claimed that representatives of Health Care and Financing Administration had made statements to him that such a policy would seriously disrupt health care services. ¹ John Eury, the government's expert, claimed in his affidavit that the purchaser of assets does become liable for overpayments made to the prior provider.

Vernon II claims that these conflicting affidavits create a genuine issue of material fact that cannot be resolved on summary judgment. We disagree. The affidavits express opinions about legal issues that we must resolve de novo. International Ass'n of Machinists & Aerospace Workers v. Texas Steel Co., 538 F.2d 1116, 1119 (5th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1095, 97 S.Ct. 1110, 51 L.Ed.2d 542 (1977).

B.

Vernon II argues that the purchaser of corporate assets does not assume any liabilities under Texas corporate law because the imposition of liability would amount to a prohibited de facto merger. See Mudgett v. Paxson Mach. Co., 709 S.W.2d 755, 758 (Tex.App.--Corpus Christi 1986, writ ref'd n.r.e.). And as Vernon II paid Vernon I a reasonable value for the assets, the sale is not subject to attack as a fraudulent transfer. TEX.BUS. & COM.CODE ANN. ch. 24. Thus, Vernon II concludes that the government is not entitled to recover against Vernon II for the overpayments.

Regardless of the result under state corporate law, federal law governs cases involving the rights of the United States arising under a nationwide federal program such as the Social Security Act. United States v. Jon-T Chems., 768 F.2d 686, 690 n. 6 (5th Cir.1985) (citing United States v. Kimbell Foods, 440 U.S. 715, 99 S.Ct. 1448, 59 L.Ed.2d 711 (1979)), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1014, 106 S.Ct. 1194, 89 L.Ed.2d 309 (1986). The authority of the United States in relation to funds disbursed and the rights acquired by it in relation to those funds are not dependent upon state law. Kimbell Foods, 440 U.S. at 726, 99 S.Ct. at 1457. Moreover, when a dispute involves the validity of an agency action, the preemptive force of the action does not depend upon express congressional authorization to displace state law. NCNB Texas Nat'l Bank v. Cowden, 895 F.2d 1488, 1494 (5th Cir.1990). Instead, if Congress has authorized an administrator to exercise his discretion, judicial review is limited to determining whether the administrator has exceeded his authority or acted arbitrarily. Fidelity Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass'n v. De la Cuesta, 458 U.S. 141, 154, 102 S.Ct. 3014, 73 L.Ed.2d 664 (1982). See First Gibraltar Bank, FSB v. Morales, 19 F.3d 1032 (5th Cir.1994). Similarly, when the administrator promulgates regulations that preempt state law, the court's inquiry is limited to whether the regulations are reasonable, authorized, and consistent with the statute. Id.

The regulations were promulgated pursuant to the Social Security Act, and there is no question that they preempt state law in this area. Thus, the only question is whether the regulations unambiguously require the purchaser of a provider agreement to assume liability for Medicare overpayments made to the prior provider.

C.

The controlling regulation is Title 42 C.F.R. Sec. 489.18(d) which requires: "An assigned agreement is subject to all applicable statutes and regulations and to the terms and...