U.S. v. Walsh, 82-1595

• Citation: 733 F.2d 31
• Decision Date: 24 April 1984
• Docket Number: No. 82-1595,82-1595
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Respondent-Appellee, v. Gregory James WALSH, Petitioner-Appellant.
• Court: United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (6th Circuit)

Page 31

733 F.2d 31

UNITED STATES of America, Respondent-Appellee, v. Gregory James WALSH, Petitioner-Appellant.

No. 82-1595.

United States Court of Appeals Sixth Circuit.

Argued March 7, 1984.

Decided April 24, 1984.

Robert E. Edick (argued), Dearborn, Mich., Gregory James Walsh, El Toro, Cal., for petitioner-appellant.

Leonard R. Gilman, U.S. Atty., James G. Genco, Joel Shere (argued) Asst. U.S. Attys., Detroit, Mich., for respondent-appellee.

Before MARTIN, Circuit Judge, and PHILLIPS and CELEBREZZE, Senior Circuit Judges.

BOYCE F. MARTIN, Jr., Circuit Judge.

Petitioner, Gregory J. Walsh, appeals the district court's denial of his petition for a writ of habeas corpus brought pursuant to 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2255.

On November 19, 1980, Walsh was indicted on charges of illegally importing a firearm and marijuana into the United States. 18 U.S.C. Sec. 922 and 21 U.S.C. Sec. 952(a) and 960(a)(1), (b)(2). After negotiations with an Assistant United States Attorney, Walsh entered into a Rule 11 Plea Agreement. Under the terms of the agreement, Walsh would plead guilty to the marijuana charge in exchange for an eighteen-month limit on any term of imprisonment and dismissal of the firearm charge. ¹ Due to an unexplained oversight, Walsh's plea agreement erroneously stated that the statutorily mandated special parole term of 21 U.S.C. Sec. 960(b)(2) was inapplicable to Walsh's conviction.

On January 23, 1981, United States District Judge Ralph Freeman accepted Walsh's guilty plea in accordance with the terms of the Rule 11 agreement. Judge Freeman did not, however, advise Walsh of the mandatory special parole term required under section 960(b)(2) in the event imprisonment was imposed. The government concedes that Walsh was not aware of this special parole requirement at the time of his guilty plea and also concedes that the district court's failure to inform Walsh about the requirement violated Rule 11(c)(1) of the Fed.R. of Crim.P. The government further acknowledges that Walsh's court-appointed attorney originally incorrectly advised Walsh that the special parole provision did not apply to his conviction. Walsh first became aware of the special parole term on February 5, 1981, when his attorney informed him of its applicability.

On March 26, Walsh was sentenced by Judge Freeman to eighteen months imprisonment and a special parole term of two years, as required by section 960(b)(2). At the sentencing hearing, neither Walsh nor his attorney made a request to withdraw his guilty plea, or raised any objections to Judge Freeman's sentence. ² Walsh did not appeal his conviction or sentence. On October 7, 1981, he filed this habeas petition to vacate or correct his sentence. ³

The district court found, and the government argues, that although a "technical" or "formal" violation of Rule 11 of the Fed.R.Crim.P. occurred, relief under section 2255 is only available where a defendant can show actual prejudice as a result of the asserted error of law. Relying on the "complete miscarriage of justice" standard articulated in United States v. Timmreck, 441 U.S. 780, 783-84, 99 S.Ct. 2085, 2087, 60 L.Ed.2d 634 (1979) and Hill v. United States, 368 U.S. 424, 428, 82 S.Ct. 468, 471, 7 L.Ed.2d 417 (1962), the district court concluded that a "complete miscarriage of justice" had not occurred here.

Considering all the circumstances surrounding the guilty plea and sentencing of Walsh, especially his knowledge prior to sentencing that a special parole term would be applied and that he knew he had an opportunity to bring his objections to the special parole term to the attention of the Court prior to his sentencing, the Court concludes that "a complete miscarriage of justice" has not occurred. Defendant's motion to vacate or modify his sentence is, therefore, denied.

United States v. Walsh, No. 80-80606, slip op. at 5-6 (E.D.Mich. July 26, 1982).

Initially, it would appear that United States v. Timmreck, supra, would control here. There the Supreme Court held that collateral relief under 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2255 is not available to a federal prisoner for technical violations of Rule 11 during plea procedures. In Timmreck, the defendant agreed to plead guilty to drug charges in exchange for the government's agreement to drop other charges. At the defendant's arraignment the district court explained to Timmreck that he could receive a sentence of fifteen years imprisonment and a $25,000 fine, but failed to inform him about the mandatory special parole term of at least three years required by the applicable statute. The district court accepted Timmreck's guilty plea, and at a later hearing, sentenced him to ten years imprisonment plus a special parole term of five years, and a fine of $5,000.

Like the defendant here, Timmreck did not object to his sentence and did not take an appeal from his conviction. After this court reversed the district court's denial of Timmreck's habeas petition, a unanimous Supreme Court reversed and ruled that collateral relief would not be available in Timmreck's case because the Rule 11 violation did not result in a "complete miscarriage of justice" or in a proceeding "inconsistent with the rudimentary demands of fair procedure." Timmreck, 441 U.S. at 784, 99 S.Ct. at 2087, quoting Hill v. United States, supra. It is important to note, however, that the Supreme Court specifically observed that the defendant in Timmreck did not "argue that he was actually unaware of the special parole term, or that, if he had been properly advised by the trial judge, he would not have pleaded guilty," which is the precise argument of the defendant here. Timmreck, 441 U.S. at 784, 99 S.Ct. at 2087. Also, unlike the situation here, Timmreck did not involve a criminal defendant who pled guilty in exchange for a specific sentence, or received a sentence longer than he bargained for.

In United States ex rel. Baker v. Finkbeiner, 551 F.2d 180 (7th Cir.1977), decided prior to Timmreck, it was held that the failure to inform a state criminal defendant of a mandatory parole term that accompanied his negotiated prison sentence violated Due Process. Baker had pled guilty to two criminal charges pursuant to a plea bargain ratified and accepted by the trial court. Baker had been told he would receive a sentence of one to two years in prison, although he was never informed about a mandatory two-year parole term. On appeal the Seventh Circuit found that Baker had been prejudiced by the trial court's failure to inform about the mandatory parole term.

The correct test to be used in determining whether the circumstances surrounding Baker's negotiated guilty plea violated the Due Process Clause is that the plea must withstand collateral attack unless the sentence actually imposed upon Baker significantly differed from the sentence which the prosecutor and the trial court promised him. We can grant Baker a writ of habeas corpus only if the two year mandatory parole term constituted a substantial addition to the one to two year prison term that he was told he would receive.

Baker, 551 F.2d at 183. Applying this test, the Seventh Circuit held that the mandatory parole term constituted a substantial addition to the one to two years imprisonment Baker was promised and therefore he had been denied the benefit of his plea bargain in violation of Due Process. Id. at 184.

The rationale of the Baker decision has been reaffirmed since the Supreme Court's ruling in Timmreck. See United States ex rel. Johnson v. DeRobertis, 718 F.2d 209 (7th Cir.1983); United States ex rel. Williams v. Morris, 633 F.2d 71 (7th Cir.1980), vacated sub nom. Lane v. Williams, 455 U.S. 624, 102 S.Ct. 1322, 71 L.Ed.2d 508 (1982); see also United States v. Baylin, 696 F.2d 1030, 1037 n. 17 (3d Cir.1982) (rule of Timmreck not dispositive where defendant alleges he received a sentence longer than he bargained for). In both Johnson, supra, and Williams, supra, state criminal defendants agreed to plead guilty in exchange for specific sentences that were later ratified and accepted by their trial court judges. In each case, the defendants were not informed that mandatory parole terms were applicable to their convictions. This failure to inform resulted in the defendants receiving sentences significantly longer than the sentence which the prosecutor and the trial court had promised. As explained by the Williams court, the rationale of Timmreck was inapplicable to these cases:

We think it plain ... that the holding in Baker is in no way inconsistent with that of Timmreck. Unlike Timmreck Baker involved not merely a technical violation of proper procedure but a complete failure to inform the defendant at any time that he would in fact be in the custody of the state for a period of three to four years (including parole) rather than the one to two years he had been promised. Moreover, unlike Timmreck, whose combined prison and parole terms were within the maximum penalty he had been warned he could receive and who had never been promised less than the maximum, Baker was prejudiced in that he received a sentence calling for two years of custody (on parole) more than he had bargained for. In short, the two cases...