United States v. Babcock Same v. Hayden

• Decision Date: 02 June 1919
• Docket Number: 915,Nos. 708,s. 708
• Citation: 39 S.Ct. 464,250 U.S. 328,63 L.Ed. 1011
• Parties: UNITED STATES v. BABCOCK. SAME v. HAYDEN
• Court: U.S. Supreme Court

250 U.S. 328

39 S.Ct. 464

63 L.Ed. 1011

UNITED STATES

v BABCOCK.

SAME

v. HAYDEN.

Nos. 708, 915.

Argued April 15, 1919.

Decided June 2, 1919.

Mr. Assistant Attorney General Frierson, for the United States.

Mr. George A. King, of Washington, D. C., for appellees.

Mr. Justice BRANDEIS delivered the opinion of the Court.

These cases, which were argued together, are appeals by the United States from judgments entered in the Court of Claims. In each an officer in the army recovered compensation under the Act of March 3, 1885, c. 335, 23 Stat. 350 (Comp. St. § 6403), for the loss, while in the service, without fault or negligence on his part, of privately owned personal property. In each case the claim had been duly presented within two years of the occurrence of the loss, and the Secretary of War had decided that the articles in question were 'reasonable, useful, necessary, and proper for' such officer 'while in quarters, engaged in the public service, in the line of duty.'

In the Babcock Case the horse of a captain stationed at the Presidio died in 1910 of strangulation because the government furnished as the forage ration barley with the awns on it. In the Hayden Case, a lieutenant stationed at Texas City, Tex., lost in 1915 his personal effects during a hurricane and inundation, while he was endeavoring to save the property of the government and of others as well as his own. The claim for the horse had been disallowed by the Auditor of the War Department on the ground that 'the death of officer's horse was not caused by any exigency of the service, nor from a cause incident to or produced by the military service.' He had disallowed the claim for the personal effects because 'the property was not lost or destroyed by being shipped on an unseaworthy vessel, nor by reason of the claimant giving his attention to saving property belonging to the United States,' and the Auditor's decision was affirmed on appeal by the Comptroller of the Treasury. The Auditor made no finding as to the value of the property lost. This was fixed by the Court of Claims at $200 for the horse and $333 for the personal effects; and for these amounts it entered judgments on the authority of Newcomber v. United States, 51 Ct. Cl. 408, and Andrews v. United States, 52 Ct. Cl. 373. The loss in each case occurred prior to April 5, 1917, so that the rights of the parties are not affected by the provisions of the Act of March 28, 1918, c. 28, 40 Stat. 459, 479, 480, or chapter VI of the Act of July 9, 1918, c. 143, 40 Stat. 845, 880, 881.

The questions whether the Act of March 3, 1885 authorizes recovery for horses under any circumstances and under what circumstances it authorizes recovery for other personal property have long been the subject of controversy in the Auditing Department and in that of the Comptroller of the Treasury. See 20 Decisions of the Comptroller, 238. But here we are confronted with the preliminary inquiry: Has Congress conferred upon the Court of Claims jurisdiction to determine in any case whether recovery may be had under that statute for an article lost or destroyed? The right asserted is based upon the provision which declares:

'That the proper accounting officers of the Treasury be, and they are hereby, authorized and directed to examine into, ascertain, and determine the value of the private property belonging to officers and enlisted men in the military service of the United States which has been, or may hereafter be, lost or destroyed in the military service, under the following circumstances: * * *' and that 'the amount of such loss so ascertained and determined shall be paid out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and shall be in full for all such loss or damage.'

These general rules are well settled: (1) That the United States, when it creates rights in individuals against itself, is under no obligation to provide a remedy through the courts. United States ex rel. Dunlap v. Black, 128 U. S. 40, 9 Sup. Ct. 12, 32 L. Ed. 354; Ex parte Atocha, 17 Wall. 439, 21 L. Ed. 696; Gordon v. United States, 7 Wall. 188, 195, 19 L. Ed. 35; De Groot v. United States, 5 Wall. 419, 431, 433, 18 L. Ed. 700; Comegys v. Vasse, 1 Pet. 193, 212, 7 L. Ed. 108. (2) That where a statute creates a right and provides a special remedy, that remedy is exclusive. Wilder Manufacturing Co. v. Corn Products Co., 236 U. S. 165, 174, 175, 35 Sup. Ct. 398, 59 L. Ed. 520, Ann. Cas. 1916A, 118; Arnson v. Murphy, 109 U. S. 238, 3 Sup. Ct. 184, 27 L. Ed. 920; Barnet v. National Bank, 98 U. S. 555, 558, 25 L. Ed. 212; Farmers'...