United States v. Foster, 25810.

• Decision Date: 09 February 1971
• Docket Number: No. 25810.,25810.
• Citation: 439 F.2d 29
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Langdon Smith FOSTER, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

439 F.2d 29 (1971)

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Langdon Smith FOSTER, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 25810.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

February 9, 1971.

Michael E. Somers, of Somers, Fox, Freis & Kallen, Santa Monica, Cal., for appellant.

Robert L. Meyer, U. S. Atty., David R. Nissen, Chief, Crim. Div., David P. Curnow, Asst. U. S. Atty., Los Angeles, Cal., for appellee.

Before TUTTLE,^* BROWNING and HUFSTEDLER, Circuit Judges.

TUTTLE, Circuit Judge:

Appellant was convicted of violating the Universal Military Training and Service Act for refusing to submit to induction. Because we feel that a prima facie case for a III-A hardship deferment had been made out, the draft board's failure to reopen requires that we reverse the judgment of the trial court.

The pertinent facts reveal that appellant was scheduled to report for induction on October 15, 1968. Due to the fact that his mother was about to undergo a serious eye operation, would be unable to work and would require extensive post-operative care, appellant was granted his request for a postponement of induction "until further notice." On November 15, 1968, after a review of the facts, the local board set December 3, 1968 as the new induction date. Prior to November 15th, however, appellant was sent as SS Form 118, Dependency Questionnaire which, upon completion, would have enabled him to formally request a III-A hardship deferment. Appellant never returned this form, but rather requested another postponement due to the fact that his mother was to have a second eye operation.

Once again, appellant's induction was postponed, this time to February 4, 1969. On January 22, 1969, however, appellant's mother submitted a letter specifically requesting a hardship deferment. On February 3, 1969, the board notified appellant that the information received from his mother did not warrant a reopening and refused to grant any further postponements. Because of appellant's actions, however, further postponements were necessary.¹ His final induction date was June 17, 1969 at which time he refused to be inducted.

Appellant raises a number of issues, two of which we shall discuss in detail.

Appellant claims that his induction order was invalid because it was postponed more than 120 days.²

Indeed, it was postponed for a total of 246 days. Since, however, every postponement, including those occurring after the 120 day period had run, was granted at appellant's specific request or was due to his actions and all were for his benefit, we feel we would be taking an unnecessarily rigid approach by saying, in effect, that the local board does not have the discretion to aid the registrant by allowing him more time than the regulations specify. In this respect, this case differs from United States v. Lonidier, 427 F.2d 30 (9th Cir. 1970), and United States v. Stevens, decided this day, 438 F.2d 628 (9th Cir. 1971). In both of these other cases the prolonging of the postponement period had the effect of placing the registrants involved in a state of limbo. Though they had nothing to do with delaying their local boards' ultimate decisions beyond the 120 day maximum, their induction was "held in abeyance" indefinitely. Since the uncertainty that resulted was not of their own making, we feel that these two cases differ significantly from the case at bar.

Appellant also argues, however, that a prima facie case for a III-A hardship deferment had been made out, and that the local board's failure to reopen constitutes reversible error. We agree. The information submitted by appellant, combined with the information and specific deferment request submitted by his mother, clearly set forth a prima facie case.

The Government contends that appellant never personally made a III-A request and that that of his mother was insufficient. Appellant, on the other hand, notes that though his letters to the draft board were couched in terms of postponement rather than reclassification, the local board was, nonetheless, on the basis of the information submitted, compelled to reopen. He argues that draft law is extremely complex and full of traps for the unwary but, the Selective Service system, not being viewed as an adversary proceeding, does not even allow the presence of counsel at draft board hearings. It is, therefore, only fair, he says, that a registrant not be held to the same level of precision in making his requests as may be required under other circumstances.

Though we note that this is a persuasive argument, it is unnecessary for us to decide this point since we feel that the specific request for a hardship deferment made by appellant's mother should clearly have been enough to have triggered the reopening procedures.³

The Government, however, contends that the mother's request was insufficient, in and of itself, to make out a prima facie case. They claim that under Miller v. United States, 388 F.2d 973 (9th Cir. 1967), a local board examining new information to determine whether it should reopen is confined to what is submitted on the date that the request for a deferment is made. To consider more, they feel, would be a constructive reopening, necessitating, reopening procedures, even though the board may ultimately feel that a reopening was not proper.

We disagree with this interpretation. When new facts are submitted to the local board they must be viewed in their proper context, not in isolation. A local board may look at the entire picture in determining whether a prima facie case has been made out. To hold otherwise, would lead to unnecessary repetition in the filing of information, or possibly cause a naive registrant to file less information than actually available to him; in short, it would appear to be wholly unreasonable.

Miller v....