United States v. Frank

• Decision Date: 08 May 1961
• Docket Number: No. 13499.,13499.
• Citation: 290 F.2d 195
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America v. Joseph F. FRANK, Joseph C. Stead, Jr., and Agnes Toomer, Agnes Toomer, Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Third Circuit

290 F.2d 195 (1961)

UNITED STATES of America v. Joseph F. FRANK, Joseph C. Stead, Jr., and Agnes Toomer, Agnes Toomer, Appellant.

No. 13499.

United States Court of Appeals Third Circuit.

Argued April 18, 1961.

Decided May 8, 1961.

Gilbert S. Bachmann, Wheeling, W.Va. (Owen B. McManus, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa., Andrew J. Goodwin, Wheeling, W. Va., on the brief), for appellant.

W. Wendell Stanton, Asst. U. S. Atty., Pittsburgh, Pa. (Hubert I. Teitelbaum, U. S. Atty., W. Wendall Stanton, Asst. U. S. Atty., Pittsburgh, Pa., on the brief), for appellee.

Before GOODRICH, KALODNER and STALEY, Circuit Judges.

GOODRICH, Circuit Judge.

This is an appeal from a conviction of the defendant under the so-called "Mann Act," 18 U.S.C. § 2422. The indictment upon which the present defendant and others were indicted contained two counts. One was for the substantive offense; the other was for conspiracy. The defendant was prosecuted and convicted upon the conspiracy count only.

Various objections are made to the conviction. It is argued that the indictment is defective since it does not set out an agreement on defendant's part. There is no merit to this point. An express agreement is not necessary to prove conspiracy. Judge Staley, in a recent case in this Court, pointed out that criminal plottings are spawned in secrecy. "It is an axiomatic principle of law that a conspiracy charge may be sustained on circumstantial evidence alone." United States v. Migliorino, 3 Cir., 1956, 238 F.2d 7, 9.

Defendant's counsel makes a very strong argument to the effect that the indictment is duplicitous. The first count charges a substantive offense only and the present defendant is not involved. Count two charges conspiracy and then adds some language which certainly is open to the construction that it charges the substantive offense of transportation in interstate commerce. We have a very strong statement on the duplicity point in United States v. Richie, 3 Cir., 1955, 222 F.2d 436. The court points out that the objection is waived unless there is a motion prior to trial to dismiss the indictment. Appellant endeavors to meet that decision by saying that the trial court here did not give any consideration to the motion to dismiss because it was not filed before arraignment and did not see fit to exercise its discretion to permit the motion to be argued within a reasonable time after arraignment. Fed.R.Crim.P. 12(b) (3), 18 U.S.C.A. But the force of the argument is completely lost because the motion to dismiss did not include any objection on the basis of duplicity. In this case the trial judge pointed out to the jury the difference between the two counts in the indictment, and further told them clearly that in considering the conspiracy count they should consider each defendant's case separately. There was no confusion.

In its list of overt acts the Government includes one very remarkable charge that "On or about March 25, 1959, at Pittsburgh, in the County of Allegheny, in the Western District of Pennsylvania, said Patricia Ann Kister practiced prostitution at the 26th Street Hotel, Wheeling, West Virginia." We may disregard the...