United States v. Jarratt, 72-1685.

• Decision Date: 19 January 1973
• Docket Number: No. 72-1685.,72-1685.
• Citation: 471 F.2d 226
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. David Mitchell JARRATT, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

471 F.2d 226 (1972)

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. David Mitchell JARRATT, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 72-1685.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

December 20, 1972.

Rehearing Denied January 19, 1973.

Jerome Fishkin (argued), of Brown, Dearman & Smith, San Francisco, Cal., for defendant-appellant.

Joseph Reeves, Asst. U. S. Atty. (argued), F. Steele Langford, Robert E. Carey, Jr., Asst. U. S. Atty., James L. Browning, U. S. Atty., San Francisco, Cal., for plaintiff-appellee.

Before CHAMBERS and CHOY, Circuit Judges, and BYRNE, Sr.^* District Judge.

WILLIAM M. BYRNE, District Judge:

Jarratt was convicted of refusing to submit for induction into the Armed Forces, a violation of 50 U.S.C. App. § 462. On this appeal, he urges that his conviction be reversed because of various alleged procedural and substantive errors by both his local draft board and the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station (the AFEES) which determined that he was physically qualified for induction. In the alternative, he urges that his case be remanded for re-sentencing because of an alleged error by the district court relating to his sentence and the Youth Corrections Act, 18 U.S.C. § 5005 et seq.

Jarratt registered with his local board on February 6, 1969, and was granted a student deferment shortly thereafter. After that deferment expired, the board reclassified him as I-A on August 11, 1970, and notified him of his new classification and appeal rights. On September 30, 1970, the board ordered him to report for his pre-induction physical on October 15, 1970. On that date, he reported as ordered and was transported to the AFEES where he filled out a DD Form 89 (Report of Medical History). On that form, he marked the appropriate spaces indicating that he was presently suffering or had suffered from several medical conditions. In addition, he wrote the following entries in longhand: "Can't work around dust" and "Broncitis (sic) in '68 and '70." Then, he was given a "complete medical examination" which included an Army physician's review of the claims he had made on the DD Form 89. After this examination, the Army medical personnel at the AFEES recorded their findings on a DD Form 88 (Record of Medical Examination), determined that Jarratt was physically qualified for induction, and advised him that he should present documentary medical data to his local board if he desired further consideration of some unverified claims which he had raised.

On October 26, 1970, the board received notice from the AFEES that Jarratt had been "found fully qualified for induction." On the same date, the board received a letter from a doctor which stated, in part, that:

"Mr. Jarratt has been under my care since birth. Over the years he has been subject to recurrent Acute Bronchitis episodes. The last attack was in April, 1970, Temp. 103. Chest findings were quite typical of Bronchitis. Approximately 3 weeks were required for clearing of chest. He was out of school for two weeks.

* * * * *

"He has had episodes of Allergic Rhinitis and allergic conjunctivits (sic), usually in the month of May. Antihistamines have been prescribed for these allergic problems.

"He has never had a thorough check up for his allergy."

Two weeks later, the board forwarded this letter together with Jarratt's preinduction physical papers to the AFEES for reevaluation on a "papers only" basis.

The Army medical personnel at the AFEES reviewed these documents on November 19, 1970, and determined that there was no reason to change Jarratt's status from that of being physically qualified for induction. During this review, they placed a rubber-stamped entry of "19 Nov 1970 — Reviewed and considered in registrant's physical profile referring to his DD Form 88" on the doctor's letter. After being notified of this determination, on December 8, 1970, the board mailed Jarratt a DD Form 62 (Statement of Acceptability) informing him that he was acceptable for induction.

One and one-half months later, the board sent Jarratt his induction notice which ordered him to report for induction on February 10, 1971. On that date, he reported as ordered and underwent a "physical inspection" at the AFEES. Again, he was determined to be physically qualified for induction and a handwritten entry of "Clear chest — 2/10/71" was made on his DD Form 88. Immediately thereafter, he refused to submit for induction.

Subsequently, Jarratt was indicted and tried, after waiving trial by jury, in the district court. At his trial, the only evidence produced was his selective service file. After conviction but prior to sentencing, his attorney pointed out that Jarratt was under the age of twenty-two years and requested that the court place him on probation pursuant to § 5010(a) of the Youth Corrections Act. While the court did in fact place him on two (or three) years probation on the condition that he perform two years of alternative service of national importance, it specifically refused to allow the record to indicate that he was being sentenced under the Act.

Jarratt's initial contention is that his local board committed error by failing to reclassify him as I-Y¹ after receiving his doctor's letter. He cites United States v. Baray, 445 F.2d 949, 954-955 (C.A. 9, 1971) as authority for his contention. However, his reliance upon Baray is misplaced. In that case, this court held that the registrant was entitled to a reclassification for the reason that the AFEES had already determined that he was physically unqualified for induction on two prior occasions. In this case, at the time the board received his doctor's letter, Jarratt had been determined to be physically qualified for induction by the AFEES. Therefore, the board was under no obligation to automatically reclassify him as I-Y.

Next, Jarratt claims procedural error because his doctor's letter was not "independently reviewed" by the members of his local board. He alleges that the letter was forwarded by the board's clerk to the AFEES without any review by the board members and that the AFEES' determination that he was still physically qualified for induction despite the letter was adopted by the board without any review by its members. However, since Jarratt's selective service file does not conclusively show whether or not his board did in fact independently review the letter and his attorney did not raise this factual issue at trial, this issue is not properly before us on appeal. United States v. Greene, 456 F.2d 256, 257 (C.A.9, 1972); United States v. Currier, 453 F.2d 1242 (C.A.9, 1972); United States v. Kember, 437 F.2d 534, 537 (C.A.9, 1970); Morales v. United States, 373 F.2d 527 (C.A.9, 1967).

Jarratt further contends that the AFEES committed error by placing the rubber-stamped entry of "Reviewed and considered in registrant's physical profile" on his doctor's letter. He argues that the entry was used to negate a physical finding and therefore violated Army Regulation 601-270 § 4-22(11)(b) which states:

"The use of rubber stamps to record physical findings, test results, and measurements on the Standard Form 88 is not authorized." Emphasis supplied.

This contention is totally without merit. The above regulation is not applicable because the rubber-stamped entry was placed on the doctor's letter rather than on Jarratt's DD Form 88. In addition, the regulation provides:

". . . They rubber stamps may, if properly applied, be utilized to record administrative type entries when this procedure will facilitate processing . . . ." Emphasis supplied.

The entry "Reviewed and considered in registrant's physical profile" is an administrative-type entry rather than a physical finding.

We have considered all of the issues raised in the briefs. Those issues and arguments relating to the local board and the AFEES which we have not discussed are deemed to be without merit.

Jarratt's final contention is that the district court committed error by denying his request that his record indicate that he was being placed on probation under § 5010(a) of the Youth Corrections Act. Section 5010 of the Act² furnishes the district court with three alternative methods for sentencing a "youth offender." It may either place him on probation pursuant to paragraph (a), sentence him to the custody of the Attorney General pursuant to paragraphs (b) or (c), or sentence him as an adult pursuant to paragraph (d) after finding that he will not benefit from being sentenced to the custody of the Attorney General. Cherry v. United States, 299 F.2d 325, 326 (C.A. 9, 1962).

While § 5010 may be interpreted in such a manner that paragraph (a) pre-empts all sentencing of youth offenders who are placed on probation, we reject this interpretation because it unnecessarily fetters the discretion of the district court in sentencing. Instead, we interpret § 5010 as permitting district courts to place youth offenders on probation as adults under paragraph (d).

When Congress enacted the Act, it intended that the district courts would be provided with additional flexibility rather than be restricted in sentencing youth offenders. This intent is apparent from the report of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary which favored the Act and stated:

"While this bill the Act would not deprive the court of any of its present functions as to sentencing, it provides that, upon conviction, the court may place the youth offender on probation, proceed under the Juvenile Delinquency Act, or sentence under any applicable law relating to the offense."³ Emphasis supplied.

In a similar vein, the report from the House Committee on the Judiciary favored the Act and stated:

"The proposed legislation the Act is designed to make available for the discretionary use of the Federal judges a system for the sentencing and treatment of youth offenders. . . ."⁴ Emphasis supplied.

In this case, since Jarratt was twenty-one years old at the time of his conviction, he was a "youth offender."⁵ Al...