United States v. Koska, 971

• Decision Date: 10 June 1971
• Docket Number: Docket 71-1244.,No. 971,971
• Citation: 443 F.2d 1167
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Albert C. KOSKA, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Second Circuit

443 F.2d 1167 (1971)

UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Albert C. KOSKA, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 971, Docket 71-1244.

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.

Argued May 28, 1971.

Decided June 10, 1971.

Marvin B. Segal, New York City (Neal J. Hurwitz, Segal & Hundley, New York City, on the brief), for defendant-appellant.

James W. Rayhill, Asst. U. S. Atty. (Whitney North Seymour, Jr., U. S. Atty., for the S. D. N. Y., Arthur A. Munisteri, Ross Sandler, Asst. U. S. Attys., on the brief), for appellee.

Before KAUFMAN, HAYS and MANSFIELD,^* Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

This is an appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York convicting defendant after trial by jury of unlawfully giving $750 to Internal Revenue Agent Leopold C. Fasone with intent to influence his action on a field audit examination of the tax returns of certain of appellant's clients in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 201(b) (1964).

The principal contention raised by appellant concerns the use by the jury at trial and during deliberations of a transcript of conversations between agent Fasone and appellant secretly tape-recorded by Fasone. The transcript was prepared by the government and stipulated as accurate except in two immaterial respects after over 50 hours of work by attorneys for both sides. The jury was allowed to read the transcript while listening to the 5 hours of tape, and later, in response to an explicit request, was allowed to have twelve copies of the transcript during deliberations.

We find no error in this procedure, particularly in light of the fact that the transcripts were stipulated to be accurate. Admission of accurate transcripts as an aid in listening to tape recordings has been held to be a matter within the discretion of the trial judge. Fountain v. United States, 384 F.2d 624, 632 (5th Cir. 1967), cert. denied sub nom., Marshall v. United States, 390 U.S. 1005, 88 S.Ct. 1246, 20 L.Ed.2d 105 (1968). No good reason appears for denying the transcript to a jury which has requested it, where, as here, the jury has already heard the tape and the tape is long and cumbersome. Here the trial judge took the precaution of rendering proper limiting instructions even though the transcript was stipulated to be accurate.¹

Appellant also contests the admissibility of evidence offered by the government that appellant had previously participated in the bribery of another Revenue Service employee. The evidence was relevant to show the propensity and predisposition of appellant to commit the crime charged in order to counter appellant's defense of entrapment, and was clearly admissible. United States v. Viviano, 437 F.2d 295, 299 (2d Cir. 1970), cert. denied, 402 U.S. 983, 91 S.Ct. 1659, 29 L.Ed.2d 149 (May 17, 1971).

The testimony of an officer of the taxpayer that he had, on another occasion, paid a bribe to an Internal Revenue agent in a situation in which appellant was not involved was introduced for the purpose of anticipating an attempt on cross-examination to discredit the witness and was proper for this purpose. The jury could not have been confused as to the purpose of this evidence.

The remainder of appellant's contentions are palpably...