United States v. Michel Same v. Krieger

• Decision Date: 24 February 1931
• Docket Number: Nos. 79,80,s. 79
• Citation: 282 U.S. 656,51 S.Ct. 284,75 L.Ed. 598
• Parties: UNITED STATES v. MICHEL. SAME v. KRIEGER
• Court: U.S. Supreme Court

282 U.S. 656

51 S.Ct. 284

75 L.Ed. 598

UNITED STATES

v MICHEL.

SAME

v. KRIEGER.

Nos. 79, 80.

Argued Jan. 28, 1931.

Decided Feb. 24, 1931.

The Attorney General and Mr. G. A Youngquist, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the United States.

Mr. Donald Horne, of Washington, D. C., for respondents.

Mr. Justice BUTLER delivered the opinion of the Court.

These actions were brought in the District Court for the Southern District of New York. Each respondent sued to recover income taxes incorrectly determined for 1919 and paid in 1920. On defendant's motion in the nature of a general demurrer that court dismissed. The Circuit Court of Appeals reversed. 37 F. (2d) 38.

The sole question is whether the actions were commenced within the time allowed by Rev. St. § 3226, as amended (title 26 U. S. Code, § 156 (26 USCA § 156)).

In 1924, Michel on February 7, and Krieger on September 15, filed a claim for refund. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue by a letter dated August 17, 1925, advised Michel that his claim would be rejected and that the rejection would officially appear on the next schedule to be approved by him. The claim was rejected September 2. The Commissioner, April 2, 1925, sent a like letter to Krieger, and his claim was rejected April 20. The Commissioner did not give notice to either of them that his claim had been disallowed or of the date of disallowance until June 27, 1928. The suits were subsequently brought more than two years after the rejections and less than two years after the notices.

Section 3226 as amended provides:

'No suit or proceeding shall be maintained in any court for the recovery of any internal-revenue tax alleged to have been erroneously or illegally assessed or collected * * * until a claim for refund of credit has been duly filed with the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. * * * No such suit or proceeding shall be begun before the expiration of six months from the date of filing such claim unless the commissioner renders a decision thereon within that time, nor after the expiration of five years from the date of the payment of such tax * * * unless such suit or proceeding is begun within two years after the disallowance of the part of such claim to which such suit or proceeding relates. The commissioner shall within 90 days after any such disallowance notify the taxpayer thereof by mail.'

By the statute the United States waived its sovereign immunity from suit. The permission to sue is conditioned on the filing of a claim and the lapse of six months or the disallowance of the claim within that period, and is limited to not more than five years after payment of the tax, unless the claim has been disallowed and the action is commenced within two years from the disallowance.

Neither of these claims was rejected within six months after filing. And in each case more than two years elapsed after rejection before the Commissioner sent notice that the claim had been disallowed. Neither action was commenced within five years after payment of the tax or within two years after disallowance of the claim. The taxpayers contend, and the Circuit Court of Appeals held, that the permission to sue continues for two years after notice that the claims had been disallowed, and that therefore these actions were commenced within time.

As the Commissioner did not act within six months, permission to sue did not depend upon the...