United States v. Stockheimer

• Decision Date: 04 December 1974
• Docket Number: No. 74-CR-72.,74-CR-72.
• Citation: 385 F. Supp. 979
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff, v. Thomas F. STOCKHEIMER, Defendant.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Western District of Wisconsin

385 F. Supp. 979

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff, v. Thomas F. STOCKHEIMER, Defendant.

No. 74-CR-72.

United States District Court, W. D. Wisconsin.

December 4, 1974.

David C. Mebane, U. S. Atty., Madison, Wis., for plaintiff.

Thomas F. Stockheimer, pro se.

OPINION AND ORDER

JAMES E. DOYLE, District Judge.

On November 20, 1974, defendant filed a motion for an order "to allow Gordon Peterson a person not licensed by any Court or Governmental Agency, but only licensed by Petitioner by this Power of Attorney, to be and act as Counsel and spokesman for Petitioner before the Court at the pleasure and direction of Petitioner." At the foot of the motion is a consent signed by Gordon Peterson "to act as spokesman and agent for Petitioner herein by his license and Power of Attorney, at his direction and pleasure."

On November 29, 1974, defendant filed a motion for an order "declaring that Defendant has the right to have Jerome Daly, a person not licensed by any court or governmental agency, to accompany and speak for Defendant at Defendant's direction and pleasure. . . ." At the foot of the motion is a consent signed by Jerome Daly, stating that he is "not licensed by any department of the State or Federal Government nor . . . a member of any Bar Association . . .," and consenting "to be licensed by Thomas Stockheimer only and . . . to speak for him at his direction and on his behalf in the above entitled action."

On November 20, 1974, I entered an order setting a hearing on defendant's November 20, 1974, motion for December 2, 1974. In the said order, I provided that defendant's motion would be denied unless Gordon Peterson was present at the December 2 hearing, prepared to testify under oath concerning his qualifications to act as counsel. At the December 2 hearing, Gordon Peterson was present and was examined under oath. At the said hearing, it was agreed by the defendant that the defendant's November 29, 1974, motion with respect to Jerome Daly might also be considered at said hearing and, over the objection of the United States, it was ordered that the hearing would be directed to both the November 20 motion with respect to Gordon Peterson and the November 29 motion with respect to Jerome Daly, provided, however, that because of the absence of Jerome Daly, the court might conclude that a further hearing as to him would be required.

At the December 2 hearing, in response to the court's question, defendant explained that his November 29 motion supplemented, rather than superseded, his November 20 motion, and that he desired both to be granted so that both Gordon Peterson and Jerome Daly could assist defendant in this action; Gordon Peterson declared that he consented to serve with Jerome Daly.

Upon the basis of the entire record herein, including my own observations of the defendant on several occasions in court, I find as fact those matters set forth herein under the heading "Facts."

Facts

Defendant is 42 years of age and has a high school education. He is a person of no less than average intelligence; he is unusually interested in the subject of the law and the courts; and he has acquired a degree of knowledge about the law. Nevertheless, without the assistance of counsel, he is not qualified to defend himself effectively in this case. For example, he is not qualified to conduct legal research and to engage in legal analysis in order to determine whether serious grounds may exist for the dismissal of the indictment, nor qualified to know when to object or not to object to questioning of witnesses by the United States Attorney, nor qualified to conduct an effective cross-examination, nor qualified to choose among alternative trial strategies and tactics nor to execute effectively the course chosen. Nor is the defendant qualified to form a sophisticated opinion about the comparative qualifications of other persons, whether or not licensed to practice law, to serve as counsel for a defendant in a criminal prosecution.

Defendant understands that he is entitled to employ as his attorney any licensed member of the bar; and that if he is financially unable to pay a member of the bar to represent him, then, upon a proper financial showing, a member of the bar will be appointed by the court to represent him at public expense. Defendant also understands that it is the opinion of this court that he is entitled to undertake to defend himself in this action, without the assistance of a member of the bar. Since the indictment was returned herein August 21, 1974, he has knowingly, understandingly, and voluntarily given up his right to be represented by a member of the bar, whether at his own expense or at public expense, and he has undertaken to defend himself.

Knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily, defendant has decided that he desires the assistance of Gordon Peterson and Jerome Daly in the defense of this case. He trusts Gordon Peterson and Jerome Daly, and he believes that they generally share his philosophy and opinions concerning the constitutional rights of citizens of the United States.

Gordon Peterson is a graduate of a law school. From about 1942 until 1961, he was a member of the Minnesota bar, licensed to practice law in that state. During that period, he engaged in active practice, including the representation of defendants in criminal cases. In 1961, his license to practice law in Minnesota was revoked, according to the procedures then observed in that state. The grounds of revocation related to alleged dishonesty in his professional dealings. Since 1961, Gordon Peterson has not practiced law. He has engaged in various business enterprises. In about 1967, he petitioned unsuccessfully for reinstatement of his Minnesota license to practice law. Recently, he has filed another petition for reinstatement, which is pending. Since 1961, he has maintained his interest in the law, and has made an effort to remain aware of developments in the law, including constitutional law and criminal law. Quite apart from the fact that he is not presently licensed to practice law, he is not presently professionally qualified to serve effectively as an attorney for a defendant in a criminal case.

For some years prior to October 1, 1969, Jerome Daly was a member of the Minnesota bar, licensed to practice law in that state. As of that date, his privilege to practice law was suspended by the Supreme Court of Minnesota (284 Minn. 567, 171 N.W.2d 818), and, on July 16, 1971, an order of disbarment was entered by said court. The grounds of disbarment consisted of various actions by Daly found by the court to reflect "professional irresponsibility."

The decision by the defendant herein that he desires the assistance of Gordon Peterson and Jerome Daly has been arrived at with the knowledge on defendant's part that both persons have been disbarred in Minnesota, and with knowledge of the reasons for the disbarments as set forth by Gordon Peterson in his testimony in this court December 2, and as set forth in the July 16, 1971, opinion of the Supreme Court of Minnesota with respect to Jerome Daly.

There are presently pending in this court four civil suits in which the plaintiff is the Thomas Stockheimer who is also the defendant in the present criminal case. In 74-C-292, the defendants are a bank, its officers and attorney, and a judge of a state trial court; the essence of the complaint is that the defendants conspired to deprive Thomas Stockheimer of a jury trial in a civil proceeding in the state trial court. In 74-C-293, the defendants include persons who are alleged to be an agent of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and his wife, a director of an IRS local office, three United States Attorneys, the State Bar of Wisconsin, and the American Bar Association; the essence of the complaint against the individual defendants is that they conspired to harm Thomas Stockheimer in connection with certain federal grand jury proceedings in this district; the essence of the complaint against the State Bar of Wisconsin and the American Bar Association is that they control the source of legal services, with the result that plaintiff is denied the choice of counsel whom Thomas Stockheimer may trust. In 74-C-359, the defendants include persons who are described as officials of the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) of the State of Wisconsin, the governor and the attorney general of Wisconsin, capitol police officers, and local police officers; the essence of the complaint is that certain proceedings were conducted by the DNR in an unconstitutional manner and that the defendant police officers acted to facilitate such improper proceedings. In 74-C-384 the defendants include two assistant United States Attorneys, an IRS officer, two newspaperpersons, and me; the essence of the complaint is that the defendants conspired, through the publication of certain newspaper articles, to deprive Thomas Stockheimer of a fair trial and to defame him.

The motion filed November 20, 1974, by the defendant in the present case contains allegations to the effect that the practices of the American Bar Association and of the various state bar associations, and the laws concerning the licensing of persons to practice law, represent a violation of the antitrust laws and a deprivation of defendant's constitutional rights.

Opinion

Under the Fifth Amendment, defendant may not be deprived of his liberty or property without due process of law. Under the Sixth Amendment, in this criminal prosecution, defendant enjoys the right to assistance of counsel for his defense.

I consider that the "counsel" to whose assistance a defendant is entitled by the Sixth Amendment is a person who is legally trained and qualified to perform the function of an attorney for a defendant in a criminal case. See Harrison v. United States, 128 U.S.App. D.C. 245, 387 F.2d 203, 212 (1967); McKinzie v. Ellis, 287 F.2d 549 (5th Cir. 1961). I am not prepared to hold that the term "...