United States v. Taylor, 8937.

• Decision Date: 05 June 1963
• Docket Number: No. 8937.,8937.
• Citation: 321 F.2d 339
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Herman L. TAYLOR, Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fourth Circuit

321 F.2d 339 (1963)

UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Herman L. TAYLOR, Appellant.

No. 8937.

United States Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit.

Argued March 25, 1963.

Decided June 5, 1963.

L. W. Holt, Norfolk, Va. (David Y. Klein, Detroit, Mich., Simon Lawrence Cain, Washington, D. C., and Melvin Wulf, New York City, on brief), for appellant.

William H. Murdock, U. S. Atty. (Louis F. Oberdorfer, Asst. Atty. Gen., Joseph M. Howard and John M. Brant, Attys., Dept. of Justice, on brief), for appellee.

Before BOREMAN, BRYAN and BELL, Circuit Judges.

ALBERT V. BRYAN, Circuit Judge.

Probation, after convictions of tax offenses, was granted Herman L. Taylor on condition that he pay fines of $20,000.00 within a specified time. For his failure to do so, the District Court revoked the probation and ordered executed the sentences of imprisonment previously passed on him but suspended during probation. Appealing, Taylor maintains that his probation was not revocable for nonpayment of the fines because the default was not neglectful or wilful but due solely to his inability to raise the money.

Taylor's crimes are described in our opinion affirming his convictions. United States v. Taylor, 4 Cir., 305 F.2d 183, cert. denied, 371 U.S. 894, 83 S.Ct. 193, 9 L.Ed.2d 126 (1962). On remand the District Judge deleted an earlier probation requirement of payment of taxes. Combined, then, the sentences consisted of imprisonment for a period of two years and fines of $20,000.00. Execution of the prison commitment was suspended, and Taylor placed on probation for five years, upon the condition that he pay the fines on or before the expiration of 30 days after the Supreme Court disposed of his petition for certiorari. It was denied finally December 17, 1962.

With no compliance by January 18, 1963, Taylor was arrested as a probation violator. A hearing followed on January 31. The Court found he had broken his probation in not discharging the fines. Further respite was recalled and Taylor was committed to serve the original term of two years.

At the hearing the testimony for the Government was exclusively to the fact of non-performance of the stipulation; for the probationer, evidence was offered to establish a bona fide effort to observe the obligation and to attribute failure to poverty alone. His proof, Taylor argues, was unrefuted and required a finding of an inescapable, unintended breach, rendering revocation an abuse of discretion. Whether the District Judge acted under the belief that the cause of Taylor's remissness was immaterial — that the naked dereliction was enough — or that the evidence did not uphold his assertion of bona fides, is not clear.

The Government prefaces its argument for affirmance with two contentions: first, that Taylor cannot now question the fines as exceeding his financial ability, because he did not assign that point on the appeal from his convictions; and, secondly, that Taylor having accepted probation in December 1961, when sentenced, cannot now be heard to deny the commensurate fairness of the fines. The ready answer to the first argument is that the quantum of a sentence, if within the statutory limit, as are the sentences here, cannot be disturbed by the appellate court. Helton v. United States, 302 F.2d 558, 559 (5 Cir. 1962); Shepard v. United States, 257 F.2d 293, 294 (6 Cir. 1958); United States v. Rosenberg, 195 F.2d 583, 603-609 (2 Cir.), cert. denied, 344 U.S. 838, 73 S.Ct. 20, 97 L.Ed. 652 (1952); Ong v. United States, 131 F.2d 175 (4 Cir. 1942). Consequently, an appeal on the ground that the $20,000.00 was unjust would have been in vain. Adequate rejoinder to the Government's second contention is that Taylor relies upon his impecunious state in 1963 when defaulting, not in 1961 when probationed.

The main reliance of the Government on this appeal is the proposition that as the fine was authorized by law, there was no abuse in its levy or in making its payment a condition absolute. Bare non-payment would, on this basis, be conclusive of disobedience of the probation terms. We disagree. If actually Taylor endeavored in good faith, though in vain, to keep the commandment of the orders, his unsuccess would not subject him to the imprisonment as of course. Bald failure would not necessarily be a transgression. Decisive is his earnestness and effort to fulfill the proviso, as we read the probation statute, 18 U.S.C....