University of Utah Hospital and Medical Center v. Bethke

• Citation: 611 P.2d 1030,101 Idaho 245
• Decision Date: 02 May 1980
• Docket Number: No. 13368,13368
• Parties: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER, a licensed hospital; Sharon Ann Verikas, an indigent infant; and Peter Verikas and Terri Verikas, indigent persons, Rodger Dale Hayden and Deborah Hayden, parents of Mathew Hayden, infant deceased, Petitioners-Appellants, v. August C. BETHKE, Clerk; Elmer Ketterling, Chairman of the Board, Mrs. Jo Hillis and Lyle Barton, Members of the Board of County Commissioners, Minidoka County, Defendants-Respondents.
• Court: United States State Supreme Court of Idaho

Page 1030

611 P.2d 1030

101 Idaho 245

UNIVERSITY OF UTAH HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER, a licensed hospital; Sharon Ann Verikas, an indigent infant; and Peter Verikas and Terri Verikas, indigent persons, Rodger Dale Hayden and Deborah Hayden, parents of Mathew Hayden, infant deceased, Petitioners-Appellants, v. August C. BETHKE, Clerk; Elmer Ketterling, Chairman of the Board, Mrs. Jo Hillis and Lyle Barton, Members of the Board of County Commissioners, Minidoka County, Defendants-Respondents.

No. 13368.

Supreme Court of Idaho.

May 2, 1980.

Rehearing Denied June 30, 1980.

Dean Williams of Kerr, Williams & Clarke, Blackfoot, for petitioners-appellants.

Donald R. Workman, Prosecuting Atty., Minidoka County, Rupert, for defendants-respondents.

DONALDSON, Chief Justice.

This action involves a suit by the University of Utah Hospital and Medical Center (hereinafter referred to as Medical Center) against Minidoka County under chapters 34 and 35, Title 31 of the Idaho Code (1974), more commonly known as the Idaho Medical Indigent Statutes. This case has been before this Court on three previous occasions, so it is not necessary to mention the facts in great detail. It is sufficient to state that the Medical Center seeks payment from the county for emergency medical services rendered to two infant medical indigents who were residents of Minidoka County at the time of their treatment.

A complete procedural history of this case may be found at University of Utah Hospital v. Bethke, 98 Idaho 876, 574 P.2d 1354 (1978). There, we affirmed that portion of the district court's decision which denied mandamus relief to the Medical Center, but remanded that portion of the district court's decision which had disposed of the Medical Center's appeal from the county clerk's refusal to allow a certificate of medical indigency. 98 Idaho at 878, 574 P.2d at 1356.

On remand, both parties submitted motions for summary judgment and stipulated that the consolidated claims had been fully tried and were ready for decision. In its memorandum opinion, the district court determined that the Verikas and Hayden families were medically indigent at the time the Medical Center filed applications with the county on their behalf. It also ruled that the Medical Center was not a state institution, as had been argued by the county, since the statute obviously applied only to institutions within the State of Idaho. Since state institutions may not recover against the county under the statutes, this means of preventing the Medical Center from recovering for its services was thwarted. The district court did hold, however, that the Medical Center was not licensed in Idaho and denied recovery to the Medical Center on that basis. It reasoned that the legislature did not intend to have the counties of Idaho pay all charges for an indigent patient who received medical treatment outside the state and construed I.C. § 31-3502(2), which defines "hospital", as meaning only those facilities licensed within the state. The Medical Center appeals from this decision, the sole issue being whether the definition of "hospital" in I.C. § 31-3502(2) limits payment for necessary medical care and treatment to only those hospitals located in Idaho.

In considering the meaning of "hospital," we are obliged to note the legislature has declared that its statutory definition of the term was not intended to be exclusive. Idaho Code § 31-3502 provides: "(a)s used in this chapter, and chapter 34, title 31, Idaho Code, the terms defined in this section shall have the following meaning, unless the context clearly indicates another meaning . . . ." (emphasis added). When the definition of hospital is analyzed contextually in the following statutes (which do not limit treatment or payment to hospitals located in Idaho), it is clear that the meaning is not confined to those medical institutions within the state.

In passing the Idaho Medical Indigent Statutes, the legislature declared the public policy to be one which was "to safeguard the public health, safety and welfare, and to provide suitable facilities and provisions for the care and hospitalization of indigent persons in this state, and to provide for the payment thereof . . . ." I.C. § 31-3501. With this declaration in mind, the legislature passed other statutes making treatment available to the "medically indigent." ¹

At the time these two claims arose, a medically indigent person in Idaho was required to make a written application to the clerk of the board of county commissioners of the county where the applicant resided, setting forth and describing all resources of the applicant. Before any medical aid could be given, the application was required to be filed in the office of the clerk of the county board of commissioners. I.C. § 31-3404, as amended, 1976 Idaho Sess.Laws, ch. 121, § 2, p. 463.

The county board of commissioners was to then investigate and process such application and make findings as to the applicant's indigency. Under former I.C. § 31-3405, the county clerk could authorize the person to be hospitalized or placed in the county hospital or, if the county was not provided with a hospital, the clerk could "authorize said person to be placed in some other suitable institution . . . ." I.C. § 31-3405, as amended, 1976 Idaho Sess.Laws, ch. 121, § 3, p. 465. If, in the judgment of the commissioners the applicant was indigent, they were required to "make such provisions for his relief, or pay for his hospitalization, as may be necessary under the circumstances." I.C. § 31-3406. In the event of a medical emergency, a claim against the county was still allowed for services rendered to the indigent prior to approval of the application. I.C. § 31-3407. Under I.C. § 31-3508, the county responsible for payment was required to pay "regular hospital charges for hospitalization of a medically indigent person to the hospital rendering such services." (emphasis added)

None of the above-mentioned statutes limits hospitalization or payment of hospital charges to only those institutions either licensed or located in Idaho. Considering the wording of these statutes and the declaration of public policy as expressed in I.C. § 31-3501, it would not be a reasonable interpretation that the legislature intended to limit medical services rendered to indigents to only those hospitals licensed in Idaho.

Respondent urges that the definition of "hospital" contained in I.C. § 31-3502(2) limits payment to only those facilities licensed in Idaho. I.C. § 31-3502(2) defines "hospital" as:

"(A) facility licensed as such in Idaho providing community service for in-patient, medical and/or surgical care of acute illness or injury and/or obstetrics, and excluding state institutions."

However, a literal reading of the above statute does not limit hospitals to only those facilities located in Idaho. The words "as such" indicate an exemplary use of the phrase as it applies to "facility." "As" means "like, similar to, of the same kind, in the same manner, in the manner in which." Black's Law Dictionary 104 (5th ed. 1979). "Such" means "of that kind . . . alike, similar, of the like kind." Black's Law Dictionary, supra at 1284. Clearly, the phrase "as such" is exemplary, not exclusive, so that it applies to hospitals licensed like those licensed in Idaho.

Had the legislature intended the statute to apply only to Idaho hospitals, the term "as such" was not necessary to the statute and constitutes mere surplusage. This Court is required to give effect to very word, clause and sentence of a statute, where possible, Messenger v. Burns, 86 Idaho 26, 30, 382 P.2d 913, 915 (1963); State v. Alkire, 79 Idaho 334, 338, 317 P.2d 341, 344 (1957). A rule of statutory construction is that courts will not nullify a statute or deprive the law of force or potency unless it is absolutely necessary, Maguire v. Yanke, 99 Idaho 829, 590 P.2d 85 (1978). We therefore decline to hold that the term "as such" was mere surplusage and thus, we construe the statute as applying to all hospitals, including appellant.

Respondent also raises an argument that the statute cannot apply to hospitals outside of Idaho because the statute requires that the facility provide a community service. Apparently, respondent would have us believe that a facility may not provide a community service for those people it treats because they do not live in the same state in which the hospital is situated. We find little merit in this argument. Appellant's brief states that in the period from May to October of 1974, the time frame in which these two claims occurred, there were in excess of 800 admissions from Idaho to the University of Utah Hospital. This statement is uncontested by respondent. The record also indicates that the University of Utah Hospital serves a six state area and is the only institution of its kind to treat critically ill infants that require intensive care treatment between Denver and the West Coast. If these medical admissions do not constitute a community service bestowed upon Idaho citizens, then we are perplexed as to what a community service is. Respondent admits that citizens of Rupert or Burley who need to travel to Twin Falls for medical care are receiving a community service from the Twin Falls hospital, but that these same people are not receiving a community service from the University of Utah Hospital should they happen to go there for their treatment. We are unable to distinguish between the two situations, and thus reject respondent's argument on this matter.

Respondent also argues that, by allowing the University of Utah Hospital to recover against the county for services it rendered to medical indigents, we are opening the doors to a flood of indigent people in need of medical care who will travel to South Africa for heart transplants and to New York and Europe for specialized health care, and who will then turn around and expect the county to reimburse the...