US v. Holder, Crim. No. 72-122 HL.

• Decision Date: 03 July 1990
• Docket Number: Crim. No. 72-122 HL.
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff, v. Ewart Mark HOLDER, Defendant.
• Court: U.S. District Court — District of Puerto Rico

741 F. Supp. 27

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff, v. Ewart Mark HOLDER, Defendant.

Crim. No. 72-122 HL.

United States District Court, D. Puerto Rico.

July 3, 1990.

Carlos A. Pérez, Asst. U.S. Atty., Hato Rey, P.R., for the U.S.

Patric D. O'Neill, from the firm of Martínez, Odell, Calabria & Sierra, Hato Rey, P.R., for defendant.

OPINION AND ORDER

LAFFITTE, District Judge.

Before this Court is Ewart Mark Holder's motion to reopen a Petition for Writ of Audita Querela, for relief from his 1974 conviction under 21 U.S.C. 952(a) for the importation of marihuana. After careful consideration of the petition, and the government's opposition, we deny the motion.

After having been dismissed for lack of jurisdiction in the District Court for the U.S. Virgin Islands, on June 21, 1990, the petition is properly before this Court where petitioner was convicted sixteen years ago. Petitioner is a citizen of Guyana. He seeks extraordinary relief from the consequences of his 1974 controlled substance conviction under a writ of audita querela. Specifically, he argues that the sixteen year-old judgment is impeding him from seeking permanent resident status in the United States. See 8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(23). After having been granted numerous stays by the Immigration and Naturalization Service ("INS") and one stay by this Court, petitioner faces deportation to Guyana, on July 2, 1990.

The writ of audita querela may be available in a federal criminal case to obtain relief against the consequences of a prior judgment, and where a refusal to grant such relief would strip petitioner of access to newly created rights to which he would otherwise be clearly entitled to by operation of law. See United States v. Ayala, 894 F.2d 425 (D.C.Cir.1990); United States v. Kimberlin, 675 F.2d 866, 869 (7th Cir.1982); U.S. v. Salgado, 692 F.Supp. 1265, 1269 (E.D.Wash.1988).¹

We have scrutinized petitioner's motion for relief and affidavit, and cannot find any facts to show that a right to permanent resident status has been newly created since his conviction in 1974. He has not argued that the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 ("IRCA") provided him a new avenue or abolished a former obstacle for becoming a citizen that was not present in 1974. See Salgado, 692 F.Supp. at 1270. A drug conviction has the same preclusive effect on permanent legal resident status now as it did at the time of petitioner's conviction.

Furthermore, the fact that the conviction bars petitioner from seeking permanent resident status does not constitute a "defense" or "discharge" to the prior conviction. U.S. v. Acholonu, 717 F.Supp. 709, 710 (D.Nev.1989). There is no "increase in the collateral consequences of a conviction" that might have affected the sentence the petitioner received, nor does it go to the merits of the offense charged. Acholonu, 717 F.Supp. at 710. We can find no facts in the petition which would lead us to believe the indictment would have been dismissed or the sentence reduced, had the permanent status requirements been considered at the time of conviction. Acholonu, 717 F.Supp. at 710. Petitioner merely states in his affidavit that he was "unaware" in 1973 that a conviction could have a detrimental effect on his ability to travel to the U.S.² He does not establish that a right to permanent status was created after 1974 which would entitle him to residency if not for the conviction.

Furthermore, we cannot conclude from the facts presented that justice demands that the conviction be vacated. While he testifies that he married a U.S. citizen in 1981, subsequent to his conviction; that he has been residing in the United States since his conviction; and that he has college-age children who are U.S. citizens, there is no evidence that his family depends on him for financial support or the like. There are no extraordinary circumstances of health, safety or loss of family benefits which would justify our interfering with the enforcement proceedings of the INS.³

Moreover, given the INS' repeated denials of petitioner's requests for stay of deportation, waiver applications, and pleas for non-priority status, and the government's vigorous opposition to the petition, there is reason to believe the government would be prejudiced by vacating the judgment. See U.S. v. Ghebreziabher, 701 F.Supp. 115, 117 (E.D.La.1988). We find the government's interest in maintaining a criminal record, including the general deterrent effects of the consequences of a criminal record, and the efficient enforcement of the immigration laws, outweighs the petitioner's interest in circumventing the legal requirements for permanent legal resident status. See Acholonu, 717 F.Supp. at 710-711.

Petitioner has failed to meet the requirements of the...