Utah Mortg. and Loan Co. v. Black
| Decision Date | 22 September 1980 |
| Docket Number | No. 16610,16610 |
| Citation | 618 P.2d 43 |
| Parties | UTAH MORTGAGE AND LOAN COMPANY, a corporation, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. Betty J. BLACK et al., Defendants and Respondents. |
| Court | Utah Supreme Court |
Steven H. Gunn of Ray, Quinney & Nebeker, Salt Lake City, for plaintiff and appellant.
L. S. McCullough, Jr., Ricardo Ferrari, Salt Lake City, for defendants and respondents.
Plaintiff Utah Mortgage Loan Corporation sued to recover the unpaid balance of $36,760.01 on a $675,715.00 subdivision loan which it had advanced to defendants Don J. Black (since deceased), Betty J. Black and Don J. Black Realty, Inc., and for which defendants had executed a promissory note, and a trust deed of real property.
On the basis of the submissions, the defendants moved for summary judgment on the ground that the plaintiff had released all of the lots and, under the so-called "one-action rule," 1 could not then recover a deficiency against the defendants. From the granting of that motion, plaintiffs appeal.
The plaintiff argues that because defendants themselves agreed to the release of the security (the lots as they were sold), the proceeds from which were not sufficient to pay the debt, they are not released from paying the balance, but should be held to pay the debt according to the note.
As opposed to the above, the position essayed by the defendants is: that the plaintiff had within its control the entire subdivision, which was sufficient security to pay off the defendants' note, that plaintiff also had discretion as to whether, and for what amounts, it would release the lots; and that having released them without satisfying defendants' debt, it should not be permitted to recover any deficiency from the defendants.
It will be seen from what has been said that the positions stated by the parties are mutually contradictory. Therefore, unless upon the basis of the submissions it appears for a certainty that either one or the other is correct, and therefore entitled to prevail, it is necessary that there be a trial and resolution of this dispute between them.
Insofar as presently shown by the record, the essential facts appear to be: On June 26, 1975, the defendants executed and delivered to the plaintiff a promissory note for the above-described loan. Payment was secured by a trust deed on property located in Salt Lake County which the defendants desired to subdivide and develop. The land, which had an appraised value of $894,000, was conveyed to the plaintiff's trustee, McGhie Land Title Company. The trust deed provided that upon the plaintiff's written request, the trustee could reconvey "all or any part" of the property.
The affidavit of John D. Fry, mortgage officer for the plaintiff, states that:
Mr. and Mrs. Black requested that Utah Mortgage agree to release single lots from the trust deed upon payment of the sum of $5,200. This Utah Mortgage agreed to do.
The affidavit of Craig D. Anderson states that:
Utah Mortgage agreed with the Blacks and Black Realty that it would give a release on individual lots upon payment of $5,200 per lot ... the release price was later raised to $5,500.
It further appears that all of the lots were released in that manner and that the plaintiff executed a general release to the entire subdivision.
Thereafter, the plaintiff brought this action alleging that, after applying the total proceeds from the release of the lots, there remained a balance on defendants' note of $36,760.01.
The statutory provision which creates the "one-action rule," relied upon by the defendants, is Section 78-37-1, which provides that:
There can be one action for the recovery of any debt or the enforcement of any right secured solely by mortgage upon real estate which action must be in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. Judgment shall be given adjudging the amount due, with costs and disbursements, and the sale of mortgaged property, or some part thereof, to satisfy said amount and accruing costs, and directing the sheriff to proceed and sell the same ....
(All emphasis herein added.)
In view of our conclusion that it is necessary that there be a trial of the dispute as to material facts, it is appropriate that we comment on certain principles concerning the application of that statute. 2
The purpose of the statute was to eliminate harassment of debtors and multiple litigation which sometimes occurred under the common-law rule which allowed a creditor to foreclose and sell the land, and to sue on the note. 3 The statute limits the creditor to one remedy in exhausting his security before having recourse to the debtor for a deficiency. 4 Consequently, if the creditor (plaintiff here) fails to comply with the statute in not applying the security to the defendants' obligation in accordance with their agreement, that would preclude its recovery of any deficiency against them. 5
We proceed upon the premise, accepted by the parties and the trial court, that the so-called "one-action rule" is also a "one-remedy rule"; and that when a creditor uses up the security which it was agreed would stand good for his debt, he may not look to the debtor personally for any deficiency. In any event, that principle would not apply when the security has been lost or disposed of without any fault or blameworthy conduct on the part of the creditor (plaintiff here). In such instance, an action may be brought upon the note without going through a fruitless procedure of foreclosure on non-existent security. 6 However, if the security is lost or disposed of because of any failure or neglect of the creditor, he deprives himself both of the right to foreclose on the security and to seek a deficiency from the debtor. 7
It is further true that the creditor cannot waive the application of the statute without the consent of the debtor (defendants here) by releasing the mortgage for the purpose of bringing an action on the note. 8 But it is also true that if the debtor (defendants here) requests or consents to the disposition of the security, and it does not satisfy his full debt, he is precluded from complaining about the disposition of the security, and is still liable for the obligation on his note. 9
The critical question here is whether, as defendants contend, the plaintiff had "sole discretion" as to whether, and for what amounts, it would release the lots; or, as the plaintiff contends, the defendants both agreed to and requested that the lots be released on payments of the amounts of $5,200, or later for $5,500 each, which did not aggregate enough to pay for the defendants' debt.
From the facts thus far revealed in the record by the submissions and averments of the parties, the dispute between them as to their mutual obligations and performance of their duties cannot be resolved with any degree of certainty. On remand, if it appears...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
IN RE SLC LTD. V
...and liquidate any deficiency before reaching a debtor's general assets through a deficiency judgment. See, Utah Mortgage & Loan Co. v. Black, 618 P.2d 43, 45 (Utah 1980). The one-action rule also functions to utilize judicial resources in an economical manner. Milliner, Real Property Collat......
-
Bennett v. Bank of E. Or.
...that their laws applying to "mortgages" should be read to have equal application to deeds of trust. See, e.g. , Utah Mortg. & Loan Co. v. Black , 618 P.2d 43 (Utah 1980) ; McMillan v. United Mortg. Co. , 82 Nev. 117, 412 P.2d 604 (1966) ; Bank of It. Nat'l Tr. & Sav. Ass'n v. Bentley , 217 ......
-
Tanner v. Shearmire
...the foreclosure sale would not permit the Shearmires to escape liability for the unpaid balance of the note. See Utah Mortgage and Loan Co. v. Black, 618 P.2d 43, 45 (Utah 1980). This appeal On appeal, the Shearmires raise several issues, all relating to the application of the Idaho Trust D......
-
City Consumer Services, Inc. v. Peters
...must foreclose and have a deficiency determined by the court before proceeding against the debtor personally. Utah Mortgage & Loan Co. v. Black, 618 P.2d 43, 45 (Utah 1980). The one-action rule has been adopted by many states and is one of the "legislative controls placed on the enforcement......