V.R.J. v. K.R.J.
Decision Date | 27 September 2022 |
Docket Number | A-2377-20 |
Parties | V.R.J., Plaintiff-Respondent, v. K.R.J., Defendant-Appellant. |
Court | New Jersey Superior Court — Appellate Division |
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
Submitted September 20, 2022
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Family Part, Hudson County, Docket No FV-09-1145-21.
K.R.J., appellant pro se.
Respondent has not filed a brief.
Before Judges Geiger and Susswein.
Defendant K.R.J.[1] appeals from a final restraining order (FRO) entered in favor of plaintiff V.R.J., pursuant to the Prevention of Domestic Violence Act (the Act), N.J.S.A 2C:25-17 to -35. We affirm.
We take the following facts from the record. Plaintiff is defendant's aunt. Plaintiff and defendant lived together in plaintiff's house in Jersey City.
In November 2019, plaintiff and defendant got into an argument. Defendant then threw plaintiff down and started punching her. Defendant also threatened to kill plaintiff four times if she did not move out in 30 days.
In May 2020, defendant struck the outside of plaintiff's bedroom door with a stick causing a large hole in the door. On another occasion in 2020, defendant started an argument with plaintiff and threatened to "kick [her] ass." In November 2020, defendant stuck his finger in plaintiff's face and threatened to "kick [her] ass and kill [her]." Also, on or about December 1, 2020, defendant threatened to "slap the shit out of" plaintiff and that "there is nothing nobody can do to stop him" because it was only plaintiff and defendant living together.
Plaintiff had a rule in her house that the lights were to be turned off at 1:00 a.m. because of the electric bill. In the Summer of 2020, at about 2:00 a.m., plaintiff told defendant the rule and he threatened her that if she turned off the lights "he'd kick [her] ass." Plaintiff testified that defendant also threatened to "kick [her] ass" on another occasion.
Plaintiff further testified that defendant would walk around with his cell phone in her face and would take pictures of them and post them on Facebook.
On December 4, 2020,[2] at 1:30 a.m., defendant started flashing a flashlight in plaintiff's face. An argument broke out and then defendant punched plaintiff in the face. After this, the parties began to wrestle. That same day, plaintiff applied for and was granted a temporary restraining order (TRO) against defendant.[3] On December 15, 2020, an amended TRO was entered against defendant that specified predicate acts of terroristic threats, N.J.S.A. 2C:12-3; and harassment, N.J.S.A. 2C:33-4.
The trial court conducted a two-day final hearing. Plaintiff testified that she felt there was a need for the final restraining order because she did not feel safe in the house with defendant, and even after the temporary restraining order she still feared defendant.
The trial judge found that plaintiff was a protected person under the Act. The judge found defendant committed the predicate act of terroristic threats when he threatened to "slap the shit out of plaintiff" and said "there was nothing . . . she could do about it." The judge found the extensive prior history of incidents between the parties supported her finding the predicate act of terroristic threats.
The judge also found defendant committed the predicate act of harassment based on the following conduct. Defendant continuously screamed and yelled in plaintiff's ear and defendant flashed lights in plaintiff's face with a flashlight on numerous occasions. Defendant pointed his finger in plaintiff's face and told her to "f**king leave his things alone." On numerous occasions defendant would get up in the middle of the night and proceed to the kitchen with a flashlight with the purpose to alarm and annoy plaintiff.
The judge also found that defendant would also record plaintiff without her knowing and post to a social media site. The judge found that these were incidents that occurred on an almost regular basis during the period of November to December 2020.
The judge found that defendant and plaintiff got into an argument in May 2020 when defendant accused plaintiff of breaking the pump on his body wash.
Defendant retrieved a stick and started banging on a door with it. This caused plaintiff to fear of her own safety. Plaintiff's exhibit P-4 showed a hole in the center of the door and a dent near the doorknob. The judge found this was "alarming conduct. "
In 2019, defendant pushed plaintiff and pummeled her with his fists. In February 2020, defendant repeatedly threatened to kill plaintiff if she did not move out within thirty days.
The judge found that defendant's frequent harassing and threatening behavior became more violent after plaintiff's mother died. The judge considered "the prior history of domestic violence."
The judge found plaintiff to be "extremely credible" and that her testimony was candid, reasonable, consistent, corroborated by the evidence that she produced, and inherently believable. In contrast, the judge found defendant's testimony to be unbelievable. She noted that defendant felt he had the right to be indignant towards plaintiff.
The judge granted a FRO to plaintiff, finding she had a "valid fear for her safety" and needed a FRO to protect her from "the immediate threat of domestic violence" and the "likelihood of reoccurrence." This appeal followed.
Defendant raises the following points for our consideration.
We affirm substantially for the reasons expressed by the trial judge in her detailed oral decision. Defendant's arguments are not supported by the record and lack sufficient merit to warrant much discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E). We add the following comments.
We "accord substantial deference to Family Part judges, who routinely hear domestic violence cases." C.C. v. J.A.H., 463 N.J.Super. 419, 428 (App Div. 2020) (citing J.D. v. M.D.F., 207 N.J. 458, 482 (2011)). When reviewing "a trial court's order entered following [a] trial in a domestic violence matter, we grant substantial deference to the trial court's findings of fact and the legal conclusions based upon those findings." D.N. v. K.M., 429 N.J.Super. 592, 596 (App. Div. 2013) (citing Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 411-12 (1998)). We do not disturb the "factual findings and legal conclusions of the trial judge unless [we are] convinced that they are so manifestly unsupported by or inconsistent with the competent, relevant and reasonably credible evidence as to offend the interests of justice." Cesare, 154 N.J. at 412 (quoting Rova Farms Resort, Inc. v. Invs. Ins. Co. of Am., 65 N.J. 474, 484 (1974)). Deference is particularly appropriate when, as here, the evidence is largely testimonial and involves credibility issues, because the judge who observes the witnesses and hears the testimony has a perspective the reviewing court does not enjoy. Pascale v. Pascale, 113 N.J. 20, 33 (1988) (citing Gallo v. Gallo, 66 N.J.Super. 1, 5 (App. Div. 1961)).
The Act defines domestic violence as the commission of a predicate offense enumerated in N.J.S.A. 2C:25-19(a) against a plaintiff who meets the definition of a "victim of domestic violence" set forth in N.J.S.A. 2C:25-19(d). J.D., 207 N.J. at 473. Terroristic threats and harassment are predicate offenses under the Act. N.J.S.A. 2C:25-19(a)(3), (13).
A person commits the petty disorderly persons offense of harassment if they, "with purpose to harass another," make communications "in offensively coarse language, or any other manner likely to cause annoyance or alarm." N.J.S.A. 2C:33-4(a). In evaluating a defendant's intent, a judge is entitled to use "[c]ommon sense and experience." State v. Hoffman, 149 N.J. 564, 577 (1997).
Because direct proof of intent is often absent, "purpose may and often must be inferred from what is said and done and the surrounding circumstances," and "[p]rior conduct and statements may be relevant to and support an inference of purpose." State v. Castagna, 387 N.J.Super. 598, 606 (App. Div. 2006); see also H.E.S. v. J.C.S., 175 N.J. 309, 327 (2003) .
A person commits the third-degree crime of terroristic...
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