Van ex rel. White v. Davis

• Decision Date: 16 February 2001
• Docket Number: No. 2000 CA 0206.,2000 CA 0206.
• Citation: 808 So.2d 478
• Parties: Dawn VAN as Tutrix for the Minor Child, Lucinda WHITE v. Clara B. DAVIS and State Farm Insurance Company
• Court: Court of Appeal of Louisiana — District of US

808 So.2d 478

Dawn VAN as Tutrix for the Minor Child, Lucinda WHITE v. Clara B. DAVIS and State Farm Insurance Company

No. 2000 CA 0206.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, First Circuit.

February 16, 2001.

COPYRIGHT MATERIAL OMITTED

Jack Patrick Harris, Baton Rouge, Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellant Dawn Van.

Michael P. Colvin, Baton Rouge, Counsel for Defendant/Appellee Clara B. Davis.

John S. White, Baton Rouge, Counsel for Defendant/Appellee State Farm Insurance Company.

Before: WHIPPLE, KUHN, and DOWNING, JJ.

KUHN, J.

This matter is on appeal pursuant to the trial court's certification of a summary judgment as a final partial judgment under Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure Art.1915. A court of appeal has jurisdiction over final judgments, and the trial court's certification, when appropriately granted, vests jurisdiction in the Court of 4ppeal even if the successful party is not granted all the relief prayed for or does not adjudicate all the issues in the case. La. C.C.P. Art.1915A. The trial court's certification of a partial judgment as a final judgment, however, is not determinative of an appellate court's jurisdiction. On de novo review, for reasons stated herein, we find the trial court abused its discretion by certifying the summary judgnient as a final judgment when it lacks the requisite finality to be so certified. Concluding this court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, we dismiss the appeal and remand for further proceedings.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL

Plaintiff, Dawn Van, in her capacity as tutrix of her minor child, Lucinda White filed suit against her mother, Clara B. Davis, and State Farm Insurance Company ("State Farm"), her mother's homeowner's insurance carrier. This suit arises due to injuries sustained on May 22, 1995. At that time, White resided with her grandmother. White and her friend, Clawdasia Gallop, who were both eleven years old, had been playing with dolls with another friend, who lived across the street from White. White and Gallop had stored the dolls in an ice chest so that they could be easily carried. After they finished playing with the dolls, White and Gallop attempted to store the chest on a shelf in an outdoor storage room attached to the carport of the Davis house. The storage room, which was used as a laundry room, housed a hot water heater. When the chest was placed on the shelf, an aerosol can of insect repellent apparently dislodged and fell to the floor. Plaintiff alleges the repellent discharged and ignited when it came into contact with the flame of the hot water heater, causing White to sustain severe burns.

Plaintiff alleges that her daughter's injuries were caused by Davis's negligent acts of: 1) storing a flammable insect repellant in close proximity to an open flame; 2) failing to maintain a flame guard on the hot water heater; 3) failing to properly supervise White and Gallop by allowing them access to the storage room; and 4) permitting the storage of dolls in the storage room. Upon State Farm's motion for summary judgment, the trial court granted the motion in part. The judgment, dated October 29, 1999, ordered that the motion was granted as to all claims, except those based on the allegation that the Davis hot water heater did not have a door.¹ The judgment also states that the court expressly finds there is no reason for delay and designates the partial summary judgment as "final and immediately appealable."²

Van has appealed urging that the trial court improperly granted the summary judgment. Initially, Van asserts that the sequence of events on May 22, 1995 gives rise to a single cause of action in negligence. Van contends the cause of action arises from Davis's failure to use reasonable care in protecting White from injury while under Davis's control and supervision. Van urges that the trial court's ruling improperly determines only a portion of the negligence issue and that the ruling will complicate resolution of the remaining contention addressing the absence of the flame guard. Van contends that from a practical standpoint, the ruling will cause certain aspects of the facts and events to be isolated out of sequence. Beyond that, Van urges that the trial court has improperly decided the merits of the case by making factual determinations and weighing the credibility of the witnesses. Van contends there are material issues of fact that were precluded by the trial court's ruling and that the record supports a finding of liability based on the arguments pretermitted by the court's ruling.

ANALYSIS

Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure 1915 authorizes the immediate appeal of "final" partial judgments. The 1997 version of article 1915, applicable to this case, provided, in pertinent part, as follows:

A. A final judgment may be rendered and signed by the court, even though it may not grant the successful party or parties all of the relief prayed for, or may not adjudicate all of the issues in the case, when the court:

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(3) Grants a motion for summary judgment, as provided by Articles 966 through 969, including a summary judgment granted pursuant to Article 966(E).³

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B. (1) When a court renders a partial judgment or partial summary judgment or sustains an exception in part, as to one or more but less than all of the claims, demands, issues, theories, or parties, whether in an original demand, reconventional demand, cross-claim, third party claim, or intervention, the judgment shall not constitute a final judgment unless specifically agreed to by the parties or unless designated as a final judgment by the court after an express determination that there is no just reason for delay.⁴

In Doyle v. Mitsubishi Motor Sales of America, Inc., 99-0459, 99-0460, pp. 9-10 p. 9 (La.App. 1st Cir.3/31/00), 764 So.2d 1041, 1047, writ denied, 2000-1265 (La.6/16/2000), 765 So.2d 338, this court addressed whether a partial summary judgment was final for purposes of an immediate appeal. The court found that a partial summary judgment addressing issues of duty and breach in a negligence action was not a final judgment that could be certified for immediate appeal. The court reasoned the judgment was not final because it did not determine the merits of the negligence claim; the issue of liability had not been resolved because the causation issue had not been decided. The following pertinent analysis was set forth in Doyle:

In 1997, by Act No. 483, the legislature made significant changes with respect to the appealability of partial judgments. Prior to the 1997 amendments, article 1915 dealt with the problem of identifying immediately appealable partial final judgments by setting forth exclusive classes of partial judgments which were immediately appealable. The 1997 amendments, patterned after Rule 54 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, now require a certification procedure which must be met before a partial adjudication can become immediately appealable. Under article 1915, a partial summary judgment rendered by a trial court shall not constitute a final judgment subject to an immediate appeal unless designated as a final judgment by the trial court after an express determination that there is no just reason for the delay, or unless specifically agreed to by the parties. La.Code Civ. P. art. 1915 B(1).

The first determination a trial court must make in certifying a partial judgment as immediately appealable under article 1915 is finality. Mark Tatum and William Norris, III, Summary Judgment and Partial Judgment in Louisiana" The State We're In, 59 La. L. Rev. 131, 157-158 (1998). A trial court's designation of a partial judgment as final, however, does not make that judgment immediately appealable. This court's appellate jurisdiction extends to "final judgments." La.Code Civ. P. art. 2083. A certification of a judgment as final by the trial court for the purposes of article 1915 is thus jurisdictional in nature, rather than discretionary. As this court is not bound by the trial judge's certification of the partial adjudication as final for the purpose of an immediate appeal, we shall determine finality de novo.

Under Louisiana law, a final judgment is one which determines the merits of a controversy, in whole or in part. La. Code Civ. P. art. 1841. Although article 1915 dispenses with finality in the sense of completion of the litigation, the judgment rendered must be sufficiently final in that it disposes of the claim or dispute in regard to which the judgment is entered. Furthermore, in determining whether a partial judgment is a final one for the purpose of an immediate appeal, a court must always keep in mind the historic policies against piecemeal appeals.

99-0459, pp. 9-10, 764 So.2d at 1046-1047 (case citations omitted).

The issue of the appealability of a partial judgment was also addressed in Berman v. De Chazal, 98-81 (La.App. 5th Cir.5/27/98), 717 So.2d 658. Plaintiff, the purchaser of a house, brought a redhibition action against the seller alleging numerous defects, i.e., rotting wood on a deck, the chimney separating from the adjoining roof, bubbling linoleum in the kitchen, an uneven floor in the kitchen, water damage to a kitchen cabinet, defective interior painting, and damage to the roof and carpets caused by an improperly installed roof. The defendant-seller urged a motion for summary judgment as to all of the asserted defects. The trial judge rendered summary judgment dismissing all claims related to the defects except for those problems relating to the improper installation of the roof. The trial court had also designated the judgment as final pursuant to La. C.C.P. art. 1915(B)(1) and had stated that there was no just reason for delay. No reasons were given to support the designation.

In reviewing the designation of the trial court, the Berman court determined it was appropriate to consider the following factors which have been applied by the federal courts in determining when partial judgments should be certified as...