Van Tassel v. McDonald Corp., Docket No. 72535

• Decision Date: 18 June 1987
• Docket Number: Docket No. 72535
• Citation: 407 N.W.2d 6,159 Mich.App. 745
• Parties: Janet VAN TASSEL, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. McDONALD CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellant. 159 Mich.App. 745, 407 N.W.2d 6
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

Page 6

407 N.W.2d 6

Janet VAN TASSEL, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. McDONALD CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellant.

Docket No. 72535.

159 Mich.App. 745, 407 N.W.2d 6

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted Nov. 5, 1986.

Decided Feb. 24, 1987.

Released for Publication June 18, 1987.

[159 MICHAPP 746] Ryan, Jamieson & Hubbell by Frederick R. Hubbell, Kalamazoo, for plaintiff-appellee.

Simpson & Moran by Robert P. Ufer and Anthony M. Spaniola, Birmingham, for defendant-appellant.

Before CYNAR, P.J., and KELLY and HATHAWAY, ^* JJ.

PER CURIAM.

After a jury verdict for damages was rendered in favor of plaintiff, Janet Van Tassel, on one count of fraud, defendant, McDonald Corporation, moved for judgment notwithstanding the verdict or, in the alternative, for a new trial. Defendant's motion was denied and it appeals as of right.

In December, 1976, plaintiff met Charles Carver while vacationing with her aunt and uncle in Florida; Carver is the president of McDonald Corporation. Carver learned of plaintiff's dissatisfaction with her job as an audiologist with Chrysler Corporation. He suggested that plaintiff consider acquiring an ice cream franchise; McDonald was the sub-franchiser of Baskin-Robbins Ice Cream Company. Carver told Van Tassel that she was the [159 MICHAPP 747] right type of person to run a store and that she had business knowledge. He told her that she would never make the amount of money at Chrysler that she would if she owned her own business and that Baskin-Robbins had an excellent product. He also told her that there were opportunities to make a great deal of money. Over and over Carver stated, "[T]here are no bad locations, only bad operators."

After returning to Michigan, plaintiff looked into acquiring a franchise in Florida, and in June she decided to purchase a Baskin-Robbins store in Florida. She sold her home and moved to Florida before finding out how much the Florida store would cost. When she discovered the price was $77,000 she called Carver for his opinion. He told her the price was too high and that she could get two stores in Michigan for that price. Plaintiff did not purchase the Florida franchise.

She looked into acquiring a Bresler's ice cream store, but Carver advised her that Bresler's did not have as high a quality product or the same name recognition and that he could not help her acquire a competitor's franchise.

Later in June, Carver told plaintiff that he thought he had an available store in the Southland Mall in Portage, Michigan. He described it as a gold mine and added that if it was not available he would find her another one that would make her just as much money. He told her it would not be long before she would be driving a big car and living in a big house and she would do all right if she stuck by him. He assured her he would not steer her wrong because he liked her. Carver told plaintiff that the people who were presently in the Portage store were not "doing right" by him. He predicted that she would own it for a year and then go to work for him at corporate headquarters. [159 MICHAPP 748] Carver reiterated that the Southland store was a gold mine.

Carver verified that the store was available and offered to fly plaintiff to Michigan at McDonald's expense to look at the store. She declined. She did, however, move back to Michigan and begin training as a Baskin-Robbins operator. She told Carver she did not need to see the store, she trusted him and if he thought it would be right for her, she would take it. Carver told her that it was the right store for her and that all she will be doing is playing golf and making the bank deposits.

During her training, Carver told her she was not going to lose money and that this would be the best thing that would happen to her.

On July 29, 1977, Ray Brooks, McDonald's regional director, took plaintiff to visit the Southland store and several other Baskin-Robbins franchises in Michigan. Brooks told her that the present managers were cheating Carver, but that the store was a good buy and with hard work she would make money.

On August 12, 1977, plaintiff purchased the Southland store. To do so she signed a $30,000 promissory note, which provided for repayment of principal and interest as a surcharge on ice cream purchases from defendant. She was not required to make any down payment.

During a meeting for all owners having franchises with McDonald in September, 1977, plaintiff voiced concern to Carver that business was not up to her expectations; Carver responded that she should not worry because the previous manager "ran it into the ground" and that it would take time to recover. Plaintiff alleged that this was the first she knew that the store had previous problems.

[159 MICHAPP 749] In October of that year, plaintiff purchased another Baskin-Robbins franchise about ten miles from the Southland store in the Maple Hill Mall. Plaintiff's allegations of fraud leading to purchase of the Maple Hill store are not at issue.

Plaintiff closed both franchises on November 6, 1978. After a proposed sale of the stores by plaintiff fell through, McDonald sold the Southland store to Margie Hall Candela.

On February 13, 1979, plaintiff filed this action alleging breach of the Michigan Franchise Investment Law, M.C.L. Sec. 445.1501 et seq.; M.S.A. Sec. 19.854(1) et seq., and common law fraud in her purchase of the Southland and Maple Hill stores, and intentional interference with plaintiff's proposed sale of the stores. Summary judgment was granted in favor of McDonald on both of plaintiff's claims of breach of the Michigan Franchise Investment Law. Pursuant to stipulation of the parties, defendant Baskin-Robbins was dismissed.

At trial, plaintiff's accountant testified that he had never prepared any summaries of plaintiff's profits and losses, however, plaintiff's federal income tax return for 1977 showed a net tax loss for both stores of $1,582.46 and for 1978 showed a net tax profit of $287.79. Plaintiff testified that time constraints had prevented her from keeping financial records according to procedures set forth in the Baskin-Robbins management guide.

At the conclusion of plaintiff's proofs, McDonald moved for a directed verdict on the grounds that the proofs did not show that each of plaintiff's two stores sustained a loss. The motion was denied. Following completion of the trial, the jury rendered a verdict in favor of plaintiff on the count alleging common law fraud in the sale of the Southland store, assessing $42,000 actual damages and $2,500 punitive damages. On McDonald's [159 MICHAPP 750] counterclaim for breach of the franchise agreement, the jury awarded $2,400.

On December 22, 1981, McDonald filed its motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict or, in the alternative, for a new trial. From the denial of that motion, defendant appeals.

On appeal defendant contends that all of its representations fell within the categories of (1) opinion, (2) puffing, or (3) statements pertaining to future events and that, viewed as such, they could not constitute actionable fraud. We agree.

An action for fraud may not be predicated upon the expression of an opinion or salesmen's talk in promoting a sale, referred to as puffing. Windham v. Morris, 370 Mich. 188, 121 N.W.2d 479 (1963); Hayes Construction Co v. Silverthorn, 343 Mich. 421, 72 N.W.2d 190 (1955); Graham v. Myers, 333 Mich. 111, 52 N.W.2d 621 (1952).

In Graham, supra, a used-car dealer represented that an automobile was in "good shape--a nice, clean car." Id., p. 114, 52 N.W.2d 621. The automobile proved after its purchase by the plaintiff to have mechanical problems. In holding that a directed verdict against the plaintiff should have been granted, the Supreme Court relied on the rule that "[a] mere honest expression of opinion will not, although proved erroneous, be regarded as fraud." Id., p. 115, 52 N.W.2d 621.

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