Villa v. Franzen

• Decision Date: 27 February 1981
• Docket Number: No. 79 C 3867.,79 C 3867.
• Citation: Villa v. Franzen, 511 F.Supp. 231 (N.D. Ill. 1981)
• Court: U.S. District Court — Northern District of Illinois
• Parties: Donald J. VILLA, Plaintiff, v. Gayle M. FRANZEN et al., Defendants.

511 F. Supp. 231

Donald J. VILLA, Plaintiff, v.Gayle M. FRANZEN et al., Defendants.

No. 79 C 3867.

United States District Court, N. D. Illinois, E. D.

February 27, 1981.

Anthony Scariano, Chicago Heights, Ill., Shelley B. Gardner, William D. Maddux & Associates, Chicago, Ill., for plaintiff.

Victor Yipp, Theresa McGrew, Timothy Touhy, Attorney Gen. Office, Chicago, Ill., for Franzen and Reed.

William Kurnik, Judge, Drew, Cipolla & Kurnik, Ltd., Park Ridge, Ill., for Village of Tinley Park, Ill.

John A. Dienner, III, Asst. State's Atty., Chicago, Ill., for Hardeman and Elrod.

Calvin Sawyier and Richard Brennan, Chicago, Ill., for Comprehensive County Hospitals, Health and Allied Medical Programs Governing Commission of Cook County.

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

SHADUR, District Judge.

On September 18, 1979Donald J. Villa("Villa") filed this action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983("Section 1983") against Director of the Illinois Department of CorrectionsGayle M. Franzen("Franzen"), Warden of the Stateville Correctional Center Marvin Reed("Reed"), Comprehensive County Hospitals, Health and Allied Medical Programs Governing Commission of Cook County("Commission"), the Village of Tinley Park("Tinley Park") and other defendants,¹ alleging that the various defendants have engaged in numerous violations of Villa's Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment rights.Three fully-briefed motions are pending: Franzen's and Reed's motion to dismiss, Commission's motion to dismiss and Tinley Park's motion for summary judgment.²

For the reasons stated in this memorandum opinion and order:

1.Franzen's and Reed's motion to dismiss is denied.

2.Commission's motion to dismiss is denied.

3.Tinley Park's motion for summary judgment is granted.

Facts³

Villa, an inmate at Stateville Correctional Center ("Stateville"), is now serving concurrent sentences of 30 to 90 years for attempted murder, armed robbery and aggravated kidnapping.Villa's convictions stem from an attempted robbery on July 12, 1977 during which he was shot and seriously wounded by a policeman just before his arrest.

As a result of that shooting Villa is a quadriplegic, having lost partial use of his arms and total use of his legs.For the period between the shooting and his June 4, 1979 sentencing Villa was placed in Cook County and Cermak Memorial Hospitals (the "hospitals"), both of which were operated by the Commission.Upon sentencing he was transferred to Stateville, where he is confined in that institution's medical facility.

Villa claims that the medical treatment he received at the hospitals and at Stateville has been so inadequate as to constitute cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment.Additionally he alleges that agents of Tinley Park beat him viciously on July 12, 1977(apparently following his arrest).

Franzen's and Reed's Motion To Dismiss

In Complaint Count I Villa details the alleged inadequacies of his medical treatment at Stateville: the medical facility is unclean, Villa's diet is deficient and the particular needs caused by his physical condition are largely ignored.Villa seeks monetary relief and an injunction directing Franzen and Reed to transfer him to an adequate medical facility.

Franzen and Reed move to dismiss on three grounds:

1.Villa has failed to demonstrate that their conduct as prison supervisors amounts to "deliberate indifference to his serious medical needs," essential to obtain monetary relief against prison officials under Section 1983.Estelle v. Gamble,429 U.S. 97, 97 S.Ct. 285, 50 L.Ed.2d 251(1976).

2.Franzen and Reed are entitled to a qualified immunity shielding them from damage liability under Section 1983, because Villa has failed to demonstrate that their allegedly injurious actions were "intentional."Procunier v. Navarette,434 U.S. 555, 98 S.Ct. 855, 55 L.Ed.2d 24(1978).

3.Section 1983 action is inappropriate because Villa seeks release from the custody of the Department of Corrections, relief obtainable only by federal habeas corpus.Preiser v. Rodriguez,411 U.S. 475, 93 S.Ct. 1827, 36 L.Ed.2d 439(1973).

As for the first two grounds, Complaint Paragraphs 14 and 15 state (emphasis added):

14.Plaintiff, his family, and his attorneys have all requested and demanded that Plaintiff be transferred from the Stateville Correctional Center to a medical facility which is able to provide the specialized medical care, treatment, and therapy that Plaintiff needs.

15.Defendants, Gayle M. Franzen, Director of Illinois Department of Corrections, and Marvin Reed, Warden of Stateville Correctional Center, have deliberatelyand intentionally refused to transfer Plaintiff, DONALD J. VILLA, to a medical facility where he will receive the proper specialized medical care and treatment necessary to his life, health and well-being.

Those allegations plainly satisfy the requirements of Estelle and Procunier.Villa charges that because of his physical condition the conditions at Stateville were unconstitutionally cruel, that Franzen and Reed were apprised of that situation and that they"deliberately and intentionally" refused to rectify the unconstitutional treatment.If proved, those allegations could entitle Villa to relief from Franzen and Reed.That possibility is enough to defeat a motion to dismiss.Conley v. Gibson,355 U.S. 41, 45-46, 78 S.Ct. 99, 101-102, 2 L.Ed.2d 80(1957).

Franzen's and Reed's third argument rests on a mischaracterization of Villa's prayer for injunctive relief.⁴They state that Villa seeks a transfer to "Silver Cross Hospital, a private institution in Joliet, or some other medical facility other than those operated by the Illinois Department of Corrections."In fact Villa asks for transfer to Silver Cross Hospital "or some other facility that this Court determines to be a proper one."That request does not necessarily involve release from the state's custody, but rather placement in any constitutionally sufficient facility.In short Villa's Complaint addresses the conditions rather than the propriety of his custody.

Accordingly Preiser actually undermines the Franzen-Reed contention.In distinguishing prior cases holding prisoner actions properly brought under Section 1983, the Court said (411 U.S. at 498-99, 93 S.Ct. at 1841):

In all those cases, the prisoners' claims related solely to the States' alleged unconstitutional treatment of them while in confinement.None sought, as did the respondents here, to challenge the very fact or duration of the confinement itself.Those cases, therefore, merely establish that a § 1983 action is a proper remedy for a state prisoner who is making a constitutional challenge to the conditions of his prison life, but not to the fact or length of his custody.⁵

Villa's Complaint may be fairly read in those terms and is thereby properly maintainable as a Section 1983 action.

Commission's Motion To Dismiss⁶

Complaint Count II alleges that while in the hospitals' custody Villa was mistreated in a manner constituting cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment.Villa seeks monetary relief under Section 1983.Commission challenges the legal sufficiency of that claim under Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York,436 U.S. 658, 694, 98 S.Ct. 2018, 2037, 56 L.Ed.2d 611(1978):

A local government may not be sued for an injury inflicted solely by its employees or agents.Instead, it is when the execution of a government's policy or custom, whether made by its lawmakers or by those whose edicts or acts may fairly be said to represent official policy, inflicts the injury that the government as an entity is responsible under § 1983.

This Court has recently discussed the ease with which complaints may be drafted to withstand dismissal on Monell grounds.Its opinion in Thompson v. Village of Evergreen Park, Illinois,503 F.Supp. 251(D.C. Ill.1980) concluded that in light of the mandate of Fed.R.Civ.P. ("Rule")8(a), a plaintiff need only "prepare allegations that track the Monell requirement of a governmental `policy' or `custom'(436 U.S. at 69198 S.Ct. at 2036) and thus step over the very low threshold of Conley."⁷Shortly before that our Court of Appeals also held that at the pleading stage of litigation the Monell requirement is met as long as the complaint indicates that "it is possible that existence of a policy, custom or practice might be established."Murray v. City of Chicago,634 F.2d 365(7 Cir.1980).

Here Complaint Paragraph 25 alleges that the "actsof Commission's agents in the hospitals ... alleged herein were done by them ... under the color and pretense of the statutes, regulations, customs, and usages of the State of Illinois and its municipal subdivisions ..."(emphasis added).Though cursory indeed, the allegation of custom is sufficient to support the requisite "possibility" that such custom will be proved.And such proof would satisfy Monell.⁸

Finally, this Court does not accept Commission's contention that a "passive" custom⁹ — mere acquiescence in illegal actions on the part of its employees — cannot serve to establish municipal liability under Monell.Villa alleges that Commission was fully aware of the illegal mistreatment administered by its employees.Such knowledge of, and continued acquiescence in, illegal actions by a municipality's employees ("deliberate indifference") may be sufficient policy or custom to give rise to the municipality's liability under Section 1983.See, e. g., Owens v. Haas,601 F.2d 1242, 1246-47(2d Cir.1979).

Tinley Park's Motion for Summary Judgment

Tinley Park's motion for summary judgment raises Monell issues similar to those just discussed.Villa claims that he was illegally beaten by Tinley Park police officers on July 12, 1977 and that those actions were taken "in accordance with the policy, procedure, and customs ... of Tinley Park."Tinley Park argues that those allegations fail to satisfy the Monell requirement for municipal...