Vives v. Verzino

• Decision Date: 30 June 2009
• Docket Number: No. 28,480.,28,480.
• Citation: 213 P.3d 823,2009 NMCA 083
• Parties: Thomas Edward VIVES, Petitioner-Appellant, v. William J. VERZINO, Los Alamos County Sheriff, and New Mexico Department of Public Safety, John Denko, Secretary, Respondents-Appellees.
• Court: Court of Appeals of New Mexico

213 P.3d 823

2009 NMCA 083

Thomas Edward VIVES, Petitioner-Appellant, v. William J. VERZINO, Los Alamos County Sheriff, and New Mexico Department of Public Safety, John Denko, Secretary, Respondents-Appellees.

No. 28,480.

Court of Appeals of New Mexico.

June 30, 2009.

Ray Twohig, P.C., Ray Twohig, Albuquerque, NM, for Appellant.

Gary K. King, Attorney General, Margaret McLean, Assistant Attorney General, Santa Fe, NM, Incorporated County of Los Alamos, Charles Rennick, Assistant County Attorney, Los Alamos, NM, New Mexico Department of Public Safety, John Wheeler,

Chief Counsel and Special Assistant, Santa Fe, NM, for Appellees.

OPINION

ROBLES, Judge.

{1} This case presents two questions: (1) whether failure to respond to a petition results in admissions to conclusions of law that are binding on the court in subsequent summary judgment proceedings, and (2) whether an individual whose adjudication was withheld after pleading nolo contendere to a sex offense in Florida must register as a sex offender in New Mexico. The district court denied the motion for summary judgment of Thomas Edward Vives (Petitioner) seeking to bind Respondents to the allegations of the complaint and for a ruling as a matter of law that Petitioner did not have to file as a sex offender in New Mexico. The district court granted Respondents' cross-motion for summary judgment on the merits. We affirm the district court.

I. BACKGROUND

{2} In Florida in 1992, Petitioner pled nolo contendere to engaging in a sex act with a child under eighteen years old, contrary to Florida Statute Section 794.041(2)(b) (1992) (repealed by Laws 1993, c. 93-156, § 4). As a result, he was required to serve thirty days imprisonment, two years of community control, and five years of probation, as well as pay restitution for mental counseling of the victim, have no unsupervised contact with children under eighteen years old, surrender his teaching credentials, and register as a sex offender in Florida.

{3} In 2000, Petitioner moved to New Mexico and did not register as a sex offender. In 2004, William J. Verzino, the sheriff of Los Alamos County, issued notice to Petitioner that he was required to register under the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA), NMSA 1978, §§ 29-11A-1 to -10 (1995, as amended through 2007). Petitioner was informed that if he did not register, he would be charged and prosecuted with a fourth-degree felony.

{4} Petitioner registered as a sex offender with the Los Alamos County Sheriff's Department and, in July 2005, filed a petition for declaratory and injunctive relief, naming the Los Alamos County Sheriff and the New Mexico Department of Public Safety as Respondents, seeking to be removed from the sex offender registry. Both Respondents filed motions to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction under Rule 1-012(B)(1) NMRA. In November 2005, Petitioner filed an amended petition, which was met by more motions from Respondents to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction. Following an exchange of responses on the motions to dismiss, the district court held a hearing and denied the motions to dismiss.

{5} Six months later, Petitioner filed an unopposed motion to vacate the pretrial conference and to remove the case from the trial docket, stating that the parties agreed that the case could be resolved by summary judgment "since the facts appear not to be disputed and the case turns on an issue of law." Petitioner proposed that he file a motion for summary judgment and that Respondents could then "file a cross[-]motion for summary judgment." Once the briefing was complete, "the [c]ourt can then decide the case on the basis of undisputed facts without the necessity for expending [c]ourt time on the trial of this case." (The parties refer to Respondents' counter-motion for summary judgment as a cross-motion, a fact this Court does not change for consistency.) The district court granted Petitioner's motion and, shortly thereafter, Petitioner filed a motion for summary judgment. Respondents filed a response to Petitioner's motion and filed their own cross-motion for summary judgment. After a reply from Petitioner, the district court held a hearing and, ultimately, denied Petitioner's motion for summary judgment and granted Respondents' cross-motion for summary judgment. This appeal followed.

II. DISCUSSION

A. Failure to Answer Petition

{6} On appeal, Petitioner argues that Respondents never filed an answer to his amended petition and, under Rule 1-008(D) NMRA, the failure to deny averments in a pleading to which a responsive pleading is required is tantamount to an admission of those averments. Specifically, Petitioner argues that his statements in his amended petition that "[he] is not required by law to register as a sex offender in New Mexico," that "[h]e is being forced to register illegally," and that "he is not required by New Mexico law to register as a sex offender in New Mexico" should all be deemed as admissions by Respondents because of their failure to answer his amended petition.

{7} "We review de novo the trial court's grant of summary judgment." DiMarco v. Presbyterian Healthcare Servs., Inc., 2007-NMCA-053, ¶ 6, 141 N.M. 735, 160 P.3d 916. "Summary judgment is appropriate where there are no genuine issues of material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Self v. United Parcel Serv., Inc., 1998-NMSC-046, ¶ 6, 126 N.M. 396, 970 P.2d 582. Summary judgment is foreclosed either when the record discloses the existence of a genuine controversy concerning a material issue of fact, or when the district court granted summary judgment based upon an error of law. See Gardner-Zemke Co. v. State, 109 N.M. 729, 732, 790 P.2d 1010, 1013 (1990).

{8} In his motion for summary judgment, Petitioner argued that because no answer was ever filed, the allegations of the amended complaint were admitted by the failure of Respondents to deny them pursuant to Rule 1-008(D). At the hearing on the motions for summary judgment, Respondents admitted that they had not filed an answer to the amended petition. However, Respondents urged the district court to consider as an answer their response to Petitioner's motion for summary judgment in which they responded to the assertions made by Petitioner and, in the alternative, they moved the court for the opportunity to amend. See Rule 1-015(A) NMRA ("[A] party may amend his pleading ... by leave of court ... and leave shall be freely given when justice so requires."). Additionally, Respondents argued that the facts were not in dispute, a point this Court notes by the very fact that both parties moved for summary judgment based on the same undisputed material facts. See Rule 1-056(C) NMRA ("The judgment sought shall be rendered forthwith if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.").

{9} In denying Petitioner's motion for summary judgment, the district court stated that the hearing was on a request for summary judgment, not default. The district court further found that, in order for Petitioner to prevail, it would have been necessary for the court to conclude that, based on the facts in the complaint, the Petitioner was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Because the district court disagreed with Petitioner's statutory interpretation, it held that summary judgment could not be granted in Petitioner's favor even if the court had concluded that Respondents had admitted all of the factual allegations in the complaint. Moreover, the district court observed that had the parties been there on a request for default, it would be form over substance to not allow Respondents to respond. Even though no answer was filed, it was appropriate for the district court to go forward and address summary judgment. It specifically held that it would accept Respondents' reply to Petitioner's motion for summary judgment as responsive pleadings.

{10} Petitioner invoked Rule 1-056 by filing for summary judgment. Petitioner's desire to have his uncontroverted conclusions of law be taken as admitted and applied by the court is not persuasive, since allegations of fact are deemed admitted by failure to respond under Rule 1-056(E), not conclusions of law. See id. ("[A]n adverse party may not rest upon the mere allegations or denials of his pleading, but his response, by affidavits or as otherwise provided in this rule, must set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial. If he does not so respond, summary judgment, if appropriate, shall be entered against him." (emphasis added)); see also Brown v. Taylor, 120 N.M. 302, 305, 901 P.2d 720, 723 (1995) ("The moving party may not be entitled to judgment even if the non-moving party totally fails to respond to the motion."); Reed v. Bennett, 312 F.3d 1190, 1195 (10th Cir.2002) (holding that when a party fails to respond to a motion for summary judgment, a court should accept as true all material facts properly asserted and supported, but should only grant the motion if the moving party is entitled as a matter of law). Moreover, Respondents did reply to Petitioner's motion for summary judgment, and they filed a cross-motion for summary judgment with supporting memorandum as provided by Rule 1-056(D)(2). Regardless, this case is not about an application for default due to a party failing to answer a petition, nor is it about failing to respond to a motion for summary judgment or responding insufficiently. This case is simply about two parties asserting that there is no genuine issue as to material fact, and the court applying the applicable law. "When a party actually admit[s], for purposes of the summary judgment motion, the veracity of the allegations in the complaint, a reviewing court should consider the facts pleaded as...