Waldor v. State

• Decision Date: 15 December 2014
• Docket Number: A14-0332
• Citation: Waldor v. State, A14-0332 (Minn. App. Dec 15, 2014)
• Parties: Steven Daniel Waldor, petitioner, Appellant, v. State of Minnesota, Respondent.
• Court: Minnesota Court of Appeals

Steven Daniel Waldor, petitioner, Appellant, v. State of Minnesota, Respondent.

A14-0332

STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS

December 15, 2014

This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3(2012).

Affirmed

Schellhas, Judge

Hennepin County District Court

FileNo. 27-CR-11-38367

Craig E. Cascarano, Minneapolis, Minnesota (for appellant)

Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and

Michael O. Freeman, Hennepin County Attorney, Michael Richardson, Assistant County Attorney, Minneapolis, Minnesota (for respondent)

Considered and decided by Ross, Presiding Judge; Schellhas, Judge; and Smith, Judge.

UNPUBLISHED OPINION

SCHELLHAS, Judge

Appellant asserts that the district court erred by denying his postconviction petition in which he challenged the validity of his guilty plea to first-degree driving while impaired based on the imposition of a five-year conditional-release term.We affirm.

FACTS

Following a traffic stop and appellantSteven Daniel Waldor's arrest, respondentState of Minnesota charged Waldor with one count of first-degree driving while impaired (DWI) in violation of Minn. Stat. §§ 169A.20, subds. 1(5), 3, .24, subds. 1(2), 2(2010).The criminal complaint states that the penalty for first-degree DWI is "3-7 YEARS AND/OR $4,200-$14,000 PLUS A CONDITIONAL RELEASE TERM."¹

Waldor retained a private attorney and participated in a pre-plea investigation (PPI).The heading of the PPI report states that the penalty for first-degree DWI is "3-7 years and/or $4,200-$14,000 plus Conditional Release term."And the last full sentence of the PPI report states that "[Waldor] faces a 5-year term of Conditional Release," and "Conditional Release 5 Years" is repeated in bold text just above the signature line.

Waldor negotiated a plea agreement with the state, which the prosecutor described as "40-month commit to prison capped" with an opportunity for Waldor to argue for a more lenient sentence.On the scheduled trial date, Waldor pleaded guilty to first-degree DWI.He affirmed that he reads and writes English, had read the plea petition, had had sufficient time to talk with his attorney, and had signed the plea petition.The plea petition describes the negotiated agreement to include a "cap of 40 months in prison" with leave to "request a lesser sentence" and states, "I understand that for felony [DWI]offenses and most sex offenses, a mandatory period of conditional release will be imposed to follow any executed prison sentence, and violating the terms of that conditional release may increase the time I serve in prison."(Emphasis added.)The district court accepted Waldor's plea and found him guilty of first-degree DWI.

Prior to sentencing, the state filed a "Memorandum of Law in Support of the Court Sentencing [Waldor] to 40 Months' Commit Plus a Five-Year Conditional Release Term."The state's memorandum contains six additional references to conditional release as a consequence of Waldor's plea.Waldor moved for a downward dispositional departure and, in the alternative, for a downward durational departure; his memorandum in support of his motion contains no reference to conditional release.At a contested sentencing hearing, the prosecutor stated that she"ask[ed] defense counsel just to review in addition to the 40-month cap, that there is also a five-year conditional release term that is noticed to [Waldor] in the Complaint, but [she] wanted [Waldor's attorney] to specifically address that on the record."Waldor's attorney then engaged Waldor in the following colloquy:

DEFENSE COUNSEL: Mr. Waldor, you understand that this is the type of crime wherein if you're sent to prison, when you're released, you have a five-year special parole.Do you understand that?

WALDOR: Yes.

DEFENSE COUNSEL: And if you goof up and break your parole, you could be sent back to prison for a long time.

WALDOR: Yes.

DEFENSE COUNSEL: You wouldn't be entitled to a jury trial or anything like that.It would be—It would be next to automatic.Do you understand that?

WALDOR: Yes.

DEFENSE COUNSEL: Nothing further, Your Honor, regarding that issue.

During the hearing, the prosecutor made two additional references to conditional release as a consequence of Waldor's plea.Following testimony from Waldor and arguments from the prosecutor and Waldor's attorney, the district court adjudicated Waldor guilty of first-degree DWI and sentenced him to 40 months in prison, "plus five years of conditional release time."The court asked Waldor whether he had any questions regarding the sentences, and Waldor said no. Moments later, the court reiterated that "[t]here is a five-year conditional release period."

Nearly one year after sentencing, Waldor petitioned for postconviction relief, asserting that he was not adequately informed of the mandatory conditional release at the time of his plea of guilty.Waldor asked the postconviction court to allow him to withdraw his plea of guilty or alternatively modify his sentence so that it does not exceed the agreed-upon upper limit of the plea agreement—40 months.The court denied the petition without an evidentiary hearing.This appeal follows.

DECISION

An appellate court reviews the denial of a petition for postconviction relief for abuse of discretion.Hughes v. State, 851 N.W.2d 49, 51(Minn.2014).The denial of a postconviction petition"will not be reversed unless the postconviction court exercised its discretion in an arbitrary or capricious manner, based its ruling on an erroneous view of the law, or made clearly erroneous factual findings."Reed v. State, 793 N.W.2d 725, 729(Minn.2010).

"A petitioner seeking postconviction relief bears the 'burden of proof of the facts alleged in the petition . . . to establish the facts by a fair preponderance of the evidence.'"Clifton v. State, 830 N.W.2d 434, 437(Minn.2013)(quotingMinn. Stat. § 590.04, subd. 3(2012))."The postconviction court must hold an evidentiary hearing '[u]nless the petition and the files and records of the proceeding conclusively show that the petitioner is entitled to no relief.'"Staunton v. State, 842 N.W.2d 3, 6-7(Minn.2014)(alteration in original)(quotingMinn. Stat. § 590.04, subd. 1(2012)).

"A defendant does not have an absolute right to withdraw a guilty plea once it is entered . . . ."State v. Hughes, 758 N.W.2d 577, 582(Minn.2008).Nevertheless, "a court must allow a defendant to withdraw a guilty plea, even after sentencing, if 'withdrawal is necessary to correct a manifest injustice.'"State v. Theis, 742 N.W.2d 643, 646(Minn.2007)(quotingMinn. R. Crim. P. 15.05, subd. 1)."A manifest injustice exists where a guilty plea is invalid because it was not accurate, voluntary, and intelligent."Hughes, 758 N.W.2d at 582."The intelligence requirement ensures that a defendant understands the charges against him, the rights he is waiving, and the consequences of his plea."State v. Raleigh, 778 N.W.2d 90, 96(Minn.2010)."'Consequences' refers to a plea's direct consequences,"id., which are consequences that are, inter alia, "definite, immediate and automatic,"Kaiser v. State, 641 N.W.2d 900, 907(Minn.2002).Imposition of a conditional-release term is a direct consequence of a guilty plea "because it affects the maximum amount of prison time [the defendant] may have to serve."State v. Henthorne, 637 N.W.2d 852, 856(Minn. App.2002), review denied(Minn. Mar. 27, 2002)."The voluntariness requirement insures that a guilty plea is not entered because of anyimproper pressures or inducements."State v. Brown, 606 N.W.2d 670, 674(Minn.2000)(quotation omitted)."Allowing the government to breach a promise that induced a guilty plea violates due process."Id.(quotation omitted)."On demonstration that a plea agreement has been breached, the court may allow withdrawal of the plea . . . or alter the sentence if appropriate."Id.

The Minnesota Supreme Court has addressed the validity of guilty pleas in criminal-sexual-conduct cases involving the imposition of mandatory conditional-release terms.See, e.g., James v. State, 699 N.W.2d 723, 730(Minn.2005)(reasoning that plea agreement was induced by unfulfillable promise because defendant was not made aware of applicable mandatory conditional-release term when he entered his guilty plea or when he was sentenced and concluding therefore that plea agreement was not knowingly and understandingly made and that defendant was entitled to withdraw his plea or have the agreement modified in way that did not violate agreement);State v. Rhodes, 675 N.W.2d 323, 325, 327(Minn.2004)(reversing holding of court of appeals that defendant's plea was not intelligently entered and sentence must be modified, because postconviction court could infer that defendant understood that conditional-release term would be mandatory addition to plea bargain);State v. Wukawitz, 662 N.W.2d 517, 526(Minn.2003)(reasoning that defendant's plea was induced by promise of maximum executed sentence and concluding that addition of conditional-release term violated such promise and that due-process considerations mandated that defendant be allowed to withdraw his plea or have his sentence modified).

The statutorily mandated conditional-release term in a criminal-sexual-conduct case is analogous to the statutorily mandated conditional-release term in felony DWI cases, compareMinn. Stat. § 609.3455, subds. 6-8(2010)(criminal sexual conduct), withMinn. Stat. § 169A.276, subd. 1(d)(felony DWI), and we therefore apply the supreme court's reasoning to this case involving a felony DWI.SeeOldenburg v. State, 763 N.W.2d 655, 658 n.1(Minn. App.2009)(applying cases involving conditional release for criminal sexual conduct in case involving conditional release for felony DWI).

In Rhodes, as in this case, the defendant argued that "his decision to plead guilty was not intelligent because he was not informed about the mandatory [five-year] period of...