Walker v. Jackson

• Decision Date: 12 January 1999
• Docket Number: No. 97-520-Appeal.,97-520-Appeal.
• Citation: 723 A.2d 1115
• Parties: Ann Marie WALKER v. Albert R. JACKSON et al.
• Court: Rhode Island Supreme Court

723 A.2d 1115

Ann Marie WALKER v. Albert R. JACKSON et al.

No. 97-520-Appeal.

Supreme Court of Rhode Island.

January 12, 1999.

Kenneth R. Tremblay, Portsmouth, for plaintiff.

Patrick B. Landers, New York City, Ralph DellaRosa, Kenneth P. Borden, John G. Hines, Providence, Mathew M. Aspden, for defendants.

Present LEDERBERG, BOURCIER, and FLANDERS, JJ.

OPINION

PER CURIAM.

Assumption of the risk is the subject of this appeal. The plaintiff, Ann Marie Walker, appeals from Superior Court summary judgments in favor of the defendants, Albert R. Jackson (Mr. Jackson), Thomas T. Brady (Brady), and S. Peckham, Inc. (Peckham). We ordered the parties to show cause why we should not decide the issues raised in this appeal summarily. None having been shown, a panel of this Court proceeds to decide the appeal without further briefing or argument.

The events leading to the filing of plaintiffs complaint are not in dispute. The plaintiff was a tenant on property owned by Mr. Jackson and his now deceased wife, Blanche C. Jackson (Mrs. Jackson). As Mrs. Jackson's guardian, Brady arranged for plaintiff to move into the first-floor apartment of the Jacksons' Tiverton home to assist and care for the elderly Jacksons, who lived on the second floor of the house. In early 1993, a problem developed with the septic system, and Brady engaged Peckham to perform certain percolation tests in the Jacksons' backyard. Work began in the backyard of the property in the spring of 1993, but remained unfinished throughout the summer of that year. To gain access to this area, Peckham drove the heavy digging equipment required for the job through the Jacksons' side yard. As a result of the excavation and tracking caused by this heavy equipment, the yard remained in poor condition throughout the summer of 1993. The equipment left piles of rocks and dirt in the back portion of the yard and caused ruts to form in other areas. Aware of the yard's uneven condition, plaintiff instructed Mr. Jackson not to mow the lawn for fear that he would hurt himself if he attempted to traverse the backyard in his mower.

One afternoon in August 1993, plaintiff washed the Jacksons' clothes. Because it was a breezy, sunny day, she decided to dry the clothes outdoors on a clothesline which ran from the house, across the side yard, and then onto the garage. According to plaintiff, it was the first time she had used the clothesline that summer. As she was hanging clothes, she suddenly stepped into a hole or rut that had been covered by long, flattened grass and fell down. Although she bounced right up and began to walk toward the house, she fell again into a similarly concealed depression, injuring her left foot and ankle.

The plaintiff filed suit against: (1) Peckham for negligence and (2) Mr. Jackson and Brady for negligent failure to maintain the property in a safe condition, thereby causing her injuries. In their answers to plaintiffs complaint, defendants included the affirmative defense of assumption of the risk. The defendants then filed motions for summary judgment based upon this defense. A hearing justice granted the motions and entered judgments in favor of defendants. The plaintiff appeals from these judgments.

"The doctrine of assumption of [the] risk is an affirmative defense [that, if proven,] absolve[s] a defendant of liability for having created an unreasonable risk." Rickey v. Boden, 421 A.2d 539, 543 (R.I.1980). A plaintiff assumes the risk of harm arising from the conduct of another when he or she "knows of the existence of the risk and appreciates its unreasonable character." Id. The question of whether a plaintiff has assumed the risk of harm is usually one for the trier of fact. See Hennessey v. Fyne, 694 A.2d 691, 699 (R.I.1997)

; Rickey, 421 A.2d at 543. If the record suggests, however, that the factfinder can draw only one rational inference from the evidence on this issue, then the trial justice should grant a summary-judgment motion directed to this issue. Hennessey, 694 A.2d at 699.

On an appeal from a summary judgment, we review the record de novo to ascertain whether any genuine issue of material fact exists, and whether the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. See Marr Scaffolding Co. v. Fairground Forms, Inc., 682 A.2d 455, 457 (R.I. 1996)

. Having examined plaintiffs deposition transcript, we conclude that the hearing justice erred in granting defendants' summary-judgment motions. Portions of plaintiffs testimony suggest that, while she was generally aware of the excavation and the ruts in the rear of the yard caused by the heavy construction equipment, she was not aware of the specific holes or ruts that she fell into near the clothesline. Because the high,...