Watkins v. Spring Creek Colony, 80-28

• Decision Date: 14 July 1980
• Docket Number: No. 80-28,80-28
• Citation: 614 P.2d 508,188 Mont. 467
• Parties: William L. WATKINS, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. SPRING CREEK COLONY, a church, a Montana domestic non-profit corporation; Eli Walter, Darius Walter et al., Defendants and Respondents.
• Court: Montana Supreme Court

Page 508

614 P.2d 508

188 Mont. 467

William L. WATKINS, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. SPRING CREEK COLONY, a church, a Montana domestic non-profit

corporation; Eli Walter, Darius Walter et al.,

Defendants and Respondents.

No. 80-28.

Supreme Court of Montana.

Submitted on Briefs March 7, 1980.

Decided July 14, 1980.

D. Frank Kampfe, Red Lodge, for appellant.

Peter L. Rapkoch, Parrish, Knopp & O'Hare, Lewistown, B. Miles Larson, Stanford, for respondents.

HARRISON, Justice.

In 1977 respondents in this action filed a criminal complaint with the Musselshell County Attorney, John Pratt. The complaint alleged that appellant herein had deprived them of some money. As a result of the filing of the criminal complaint, Pratt filed a motion requesting leave to file an information in the District Court charging appellant with felony theft. The motion was granted after a finding of probable cause that appellant committed felony theft by the District Court.

Appellant was subsequently tried on the felony theft charge. The jury in the case was unable to reach a verdict at the conclusion of trial. The charges were ultimately dismissed with prejudice.

In May 1979 appellant filed this action in the District Court of the Tenth Judicial District, in and for the County of Fergus. Appellant's complaint alleged that judicial proceedings had been instigated against him at the insistence of respondents, that the proceedings had terminated in his favor, that respondents had maliciously instituted the proceedings, that there was no probable cause for the proceedings, and that he had suffered damages as a result of the judicial proceedings instigated by respondents. The complaint asked for damages in excess of three million dollars.

Respondents filed motions to dismiss the suit brought by appellant and briefs in support of the motions. Appended to several of the briefs were copies of the motion for leave to file the criminal information filed against appellant and the order of the District Court granting leave to file the criminal information. The District Court initially denied respondents' motions to dismiss. On further consideration, however, the court granted the motions to dismiss based on the fact that the District Court had found probable cause to allow the charges to be filed against appellant and to have the case submitted to the jury. Because of this judicial finding of probable cause, the court found one of the elements of a claim for malicious prosecution, want of probable cause for the filing of the alleged maliciously prosecuted action, was not present, and, therefore, a cause of action for malicious prosecution did not exist.

After entry of the order granting respondents' motions to dismiss, appellant petitioned the District Court to grant the parties an opportunity to present oral argument on the motions to dismiss. The District Court granted the oral argument. After the hearing the court issued an order leaving its prior order granting the respondents' motions to dismiss in effect. This appeal followed.

Appellant raises the following issues on appeal:

1. Did the District Court err in finding that the determination of the existence of probable cause to file the criminal charges against appellant in the criminal proceedings brought against him precludes a subsequent civil action for malicious prosecution?

2. Did the District Court err in considering matters outside the pleadings in granting respondents' motions to dismiss without providing a hearing before granting the motions?

It is well settled that a judicial determination of probable cause to hold a party answerable to criminal charges does not preclude the party from subsequently bringing suit for malicious prosecution. While the fact the party was held to answer the criminal charge is considered prima facie or presumptive evidence of the existence of probable cause, it is not considered conclusive proof of probable cause to initiate the criminal action. De La Riva v. Owl Drug Co. (1967), 253 Cal.App.2d 593, 61 Cal.Rptr. 291, 293; Willis v. Gurry (1954), 331 Mass. 19, 116 N.E.2d 689, 690; Foster v. Banks (1931), 112 Cal.App. 622, 297 P. 106, 107; Annot., 68 A.L.R.2d 1168 (1959).

The trial court here held that the prior determination of probable cause to bring the criminal charges against appellant was conclusive on the probable cause issue in the malicious prosecution case. It then dismissed appellant's suit because, with the conclusive determination of probable cause for the bringing of the criminal action, it would have been impossible as a matter of law for appellant to prove an essential element of a malicious prosecution cause of action. Under the above rule, this decision by the trial court was error.

The decision by the judge in the criminal proceedings that probable cause existed to hold appellant on the criminal charges and submit the...