Wells v. Rau

• Decision Date: 01 April 1968
• Docket Number: No. 20750.,20750.
• Citation: 393 F.2d 362,129 US App. DC 253
• Parties: Gordon J. WELLS, and Loretta C. Wells, Appellants, v. Walter C. RAU, Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — District of Columbia Circuit

129 US App. DC 253, 393 F.2d 362 (1968)

Gordon J. WELLS, and Loretta C. Wells, Appellants, v. Walter C. RAU, Appellee.

No. 20750.

United States Court of Appeals District of Columbia Circuit.

Argued October 11, 1967.

Decided April 1, 1968.

Mr. Joseph E. Casey, Washington, D. C., with whom Mr. Thomas B. Scott, Washington D. C., was on the brief, for appellants.

Mr. Carl L. Taylor, Washington, D. C., with whom Mr. Frank F. Roberson, Washington, D. C., was on the brief, for appellee.

Before WILBUR K. MILLER, Senior Circuit Judge, WRIGHT and McGOWAN, Circuit Judges.

McGOWAN, Circuit Judge:

Appellants, husband and wife, sued in the District Court to recover their respective damages allegedly suffered by reason of an auto accident in which the husband was involved. Three requests for relief were contained in the complaint: (1) Damages for the husband's physical injuries, (2) damages for the wife's loss of consortium, and (3) the setting aside of a general release executed by the husband. There was a trial to the court of the last issue out of the presence of the jury. Sustaining the release, the court thereupon dismissed the husband's claim. The trial of the wife's claim eventuated in a jury verdict of no liability. We leave the latter judgment undisturbed.¹ We disagree, however, with the disposition of the release issue; and, accordingly, we reverse the dismissal of the husband's cause of action.

I

Appellant-husband, while driving to work on May 26, 1963, was run into by appellee at a street corner in Washington. Appellant's car was damaged; and he testified at the trial that the impact of the collision upon his body had been substantial. The police, upon arrival at the scene, asked appellant if he had been physically injured, and appellant said only that he had bumped his knees. The police discussed with appellant (a member of the White House police detail) whether he should go to the police clinic for a physical check. He indicated that he would do so, but changed his mind later because he thought it unnecessary. Instead, he went home rather than on to work, which he did not resume until May 29.

Sometime between May 26 and May 29, appellant called appellee's insurer to see if the accident had been reported. He inquired as to what would be required by way of estimates of the needed repairs to his car. He said nothing about physical injuries because, as he testified, "I had no feeling about any personal injury at that time." On June 22, 1963, a representative of the insurer came to appellant's home to discuss his claim. Appellant presented a bill for repairs in the amount of $367.89. He was then asked if he had been injured in the accident, and appellant replied by mentioning only his bruised knees. The insurer's representative then said: "Well, let's give you a hundred dollars for your knees," to which appellant responded that "this was fine with me." The interview was closed with appellant's signing a general release and receiving a payment of $467.89.

On July 9, 1963, appellant had severe pains in his neck and shoulder. He went to a doctor on July 12, was hospitalized that day, and eventually underwent surgery for the removal of a ruptured disc in his neck. Although there was conflicting testimony as to whether the ruptured disc was caused by the accident in suit, this issue would have been resolved by the jury if appellant's claim had been permitted to get to it. It did not enter into the court's ruling to dismiss that claim because of the release.

II

The dismissal ruling, made at the close of appellant's entire case,² followed the reasoning of the District Court's opinion in Randolph v. Ottenstein, 238 F. Supp. 1011 (D.D.C.1965), noting incidentally that this court had affirmed the judgment in that case upon appeal. Randolph v. Ottenstein, 122 U.S.App.D.C. 414, 355 F.2d 839 (1965). It was the trial court's view that, as stated by the District Court in Randolph, general releases may be set aside only for mutual mistake of fact; and that, as in Randolph, only appellant can be regarded as laboring under a mistake. Thus, so it was said, the sole mistake in legal contemplation was unilateral in nature, and contracts are not rescindable for that reason. The trial court also found — quite correctly, we think — that there was no evidence of purposeful misrepresentation or overreaching in the release transaction which would have provided an alternative basis for setting the release aside.

It was this absence of improper inducement to which we expressly alluded in our affirmance in Randolph; and we were eloquently silent about the theory of unilateral mistake enunciated by the District Court in that case. We stressed these special facts in Randolph: The claimant was an experienced attorney who threatened the insurance carrier with immediate suit if it insisted upon a medical examination before paying his auto repair bill. The claimant buttressed this position by representing that he had been examined and x-rayed by his own doctor, who was willing to provide a written statement of what he had found. Under the pressure for settlement so exerted, the insurer accepted this statement in lieu of its own examination. It showed no serious injury; a release was executed; and payments were made of $399.48, including $150 for "plaintiff's injuries." Within three weeks the claimant suffered not a new affliction but an aggravation of a long-time arthritic condition which resulted in surgery. On these facts we not unnaturally felt no compulsion to disturb the result in the trial court of denying cancellation of the release.

Randolph, so viewed, hardly governs this case. Nor are we cited to any other authorities in this jurisdiction...