Wentworth v. Kawasaki, Inc.

• Citation: 508 F. Supp. 1114
• Decision Date: 11 March 1981
• Docket Number: No. 81-16-L.,81-16-L.
• Parties: Ronald WENTWORTH v. KAWASAKI, INC. and Plaistow Trailer Sales, Inc. and Sno-Jet, Inc.
• Court: U.S. District Court — District of New Hampshire

508 F. Supp. 1114

Ronald WENTWORTH v. KAWASAKI, INC. and Plaistow Trailer Sales, Inc. and Sno-Jet, Inc.

No. 81-16-L.

United States District Court, D. New Hampshire.

March 11, 1981.

Ashod N. Armirian, Theodore Xenakis, Haverhill, Mass., for plaintiff.

Robert H. Erdmann, Burlington, Vt., Paul C. Semple, Concord, N. H., James C. Wheat, Manchester, N. H., for defendants.

ORDER ON MOTION TO DISMISS

LOUGHLIN, District Judge.

The court has presently pending before it a motion to dismiss filed by defendant, Plaistow Trailer Sales, Inc. (hereinafter defendant). Defendant alleges that Count II of plaintiff's complaint, the breach of warranty count, fails to state a cause of action upon which relief can be granted under the laws of the State of New Hampshire which defendant alleges are applicable to this case. Defendant alleges that Count II fails to state a cause of action because the plaintiff was not the purchaser of the snowmobile in question and because the time of injury occurred more than four (4) years from the date of sale, which is alleged in the complaint to be prior to January 1, 1972.

Defendant also alleges that Count III of plaintiff's complaint, the strict liability in tort count fails to state a cause of action upon which relief can be granted under the laws of the state of New Hampshire since the plaintiff was not a user or consumer of the product in question under Restatement Torts 2d § 402 A.

It is alleged in the complaint that prior to January 1, 1972 Richard J. Wrigley of Plaistow, New Hampshire purchased a Sno-Jet snowmobile. Plaintiff was a friend of Wrigley's and used Wrigley's Sno-Jet snowmobile. On or about January 10, 1978 while the plaintiff was using the snowmobile at a snowmobile trail in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire, he was crushed against a tree by the snowmobile because of an alleged malfunction of the throttle cable. Plaintiff suffered severe personal injuries.

The court has jurisdiction in this matter under 28 U.S.C. § 1332. The matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $10,000 and there is diversity of citizenship among the parties. Plaintiff is a Massachusetts resident. Defendant Plaistow Trailer Sales, Inc. is incorporated in and has its principal place of business in New Hampshire. Defendant Sno-Jet, Inc. is incorporated in Vermont and has its principal offices in Burlington, Vermont. And defendant Kawasaki Motors Corp. U.S.A. is incorporated in Delaware and has its principal offices in Santa Ana, California.

Under Klaxon Co. v. Stentor Electric Manufacturing Co., 313 U.S. 487, 61 S.Ct. 1020, 85 L.Ed.2d 1477 (1941) a federal court is to apply the host state's choice of law rules in order to determine what substantive law to apply. Examining the relevant choice influencing considerations as outlined in Clark v. Clark, 107 N.H. 351, 222 A.2d 205 (1966) the court determines New Hampshire law to be the sounder rule of law. The transaction in this case bears an appropriate relation to the state of New Hampshire. See RSA 382A:1-105(1), Stephan v. Sears Roebuck & Co., 110 N.H. 248, 266 A.2d 855 (1970). For these reasons the court will apply New Hampshire law.

Defendant alleges that Count II of plaintiff's complaint fails to state a cause of action because the time of injury occurred more than four (4) years from the date of sale which is alleged in the complaint to be prior to January 1, 1972. Plaintiff filed his complaint on January 9, 1981. In Count II of the complaint, plaintiff alleges breach of express and implied warranties. In Raymond v. Eli Lilly & Co., 412 F.Supp. 1392 (D.N.H.1976) aff'd 556 F.2d 628 (1st Cir. 1977) plaintiff had also alleged breach of express and implied warranties. The court stated in Raymond v. Eli Lilly & Co., supra at 1403 that:

It is unclear whether New Hampshire recognizes an action for breach of implied warranty at common law. Stephan v. Sears Roebuck & Co., 110 N.H. 248, 250, 266 A.2d 855 (1970); Nelson v. Volkswagen of America, supra, 315 F.Supp. 1120. The existing causes of action under New Hampshire Commercial Code provisions, NH RSA 382-A:2-313, 314 and 315, together with the doctrine of strict liability, provide a plaintiff with a complete remedy, thus mitigating the need for a common law cause of action in breach of implied warranty. Stephan, supra, 110 N.H. at 250, 266 A.2d 855. Therefore, any claim plaintiff has for relief for a breach of warranty must be based on New Hampshire's provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code.

RSA 382-A:2-725 "Statute of Limitations in Contracts for sale" states:

An action for breach of any contract for sale must be commenced within four years after the cause of action has accrued. By the original agreement, the parties may reduce the period of limitation to not less than one year but may not extend it.

A cause of action accrues when the breach occurs, regardless of the aggrieved party's lack of knowledge of the breach. A breach of warranty occurs when tender of delivery is made, except that where a warranty explicitly extends to future performance of the goods and discovery of the breach must await the time of such performance the cause of action accrues when the breach is or should have been discovered.

As the court in Raymond v. Eli Lilly & Co., supra at 1403 clearly outlined:

NH RSA 382-A:2-725(1) establishes a four year statute of limitations for any action based upon a contract for sale. The statute begins to run from the time a cause of action accrues, which is when the breach occurs. The breach of warranty occurs when the tender of delivery is made regardless of the aggrieved party's knowledge of the breach. NH RSA 283-A:2-725(2). Plaintiff's last purchase of C-Quens was on or about May 20, 1968, more than four years prior to the commencement of her action. She is, therefore, barred from pursuing her breach of warranty claim against defendant by NH RSA 382-A:2-725(1).

In the instant case, the cause of action accrued at the time of the breach of warranty, that is when the tender of delivery was made, prior to January, 1972. The purchase of the snowmobile prior to January 1972 was clearly more than four years prior to the commencement of this action on January 9, 1981. The Statute of Limitations has run on plaintiff's breach of warranty action, thus the court need not address the privity issue. Count II of plaintiff's complaint is dismissed.

Defendant alleges that Count II of plaintiff's complaint, the strict liability in tort count, fails to state a cause of action upon which relief can be granted in that plaintiff was not a user or consumer of the product in question under Restatement Torts 2d § 402 A. It is clear that New Hampshire has adopted the doctrine of strict liability. Buttrick v. Arthur Lessard & Sons, Inc., 110 N.H. 36, 38, 260 A.2d 111 (1969). Elliott v. Lachance, 109 N.H. 481, 484, 256 A.2d 153 (1969). The New Hampshire Supreme Court quoted section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts in...